PINE FAMILY 39 



Hort. Soc. Lond. vol. 2, p. 189 (1847) ; Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soe. Lond. vol. 4, p. 212, t. (1849). 

 Var. Jeffrey! Vasey, Rep. U. S. Com. Agr. p. 179 (1875). P. jeffreyi Balfour, Rep. Oreg. 

 Exped. no. 2, t. 1 (1853), type loc. Shasta Valley, Jotm Jeffrey. 



8. P. murrayana Balf. TAMRAC PINE. Forest tree of symmetrical habit, 

 commonly 50 to 80 feet, but sometimes 125 feet high, or when stunted but a few 

 feet high ; bark remarkably thin, rarely more than 14 inch thick, light gray in 

 color, very smooth but flaking into small thin scales; needles in 2s, ly^ to 2% 

 inches long; staminate catkins 4 or 5 lines long, yellow, 15 to 60 in spike-like 

 clusters: ovulate catkins 2 or 3 lines long, chiefly 2 in a whorl; cones chestnut 

 brown, oblong, but more or less globose when open, 1 to l 1 /^ inches long; -scales 

 thickened at the ends, black-banded at their tips inside, with a central umbo pro- 

 longed into a slender sub-persistent prickle; seeds 2 lines long, the wing broadly 

 oblong, 5 or 6 lines long ; cotyledons 4 or 5. 



Sierra Nevada, 6,000 to 10,000 feet, southward to the San Bernardino and 

 San Jacinto mts., north to Mt. Shasta and thence west to Marble Mt. (W.L.J. 

 no. 2813) and the Klamath Eange. Beyond our borders it ranges north to 

 Alaska, Montana and east to Colorado. In the Sierra Nevada it forms dense 

 forests, especially about swampy meadows, or at higher altitudes becomes a 

 dwarfed timber-line tree. First collected by John Jeffrey, whose label on 

 original specimen in the Herbarium of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden reads 

 thus: "Found on the Siskiyou mountains in Lat. 43. Elevation 7,500 feet, 

 growing on moist deep loamy soil. Oct. 21 [1852]. This all the cones I 

 could procure. Tree 40 feet high, of a conical form." 



Refs. PINUS MURRAYANA Balf our, Rep. Oreg. Exped. p. 2, t. 3 (1853} ; Merriam, Biol. Sur. 

 Mt. Shasta, p. 38 (1899) ; Jepson, Sierra Club Bull. vol. 4, p. 208, pi. 74 (1903). P. contorta 

 var. murrayana Engelmann in Bot. Cal. vol. 2, p. 126 (1880). 



9. P. "contorta Dougl. BEACH PINE. Scrub pine 2 to 35 feet high, com- 

 monly with depressed or irregular dark green crown, the trunk mostly 14 to 

 114 feet in diameter and clothed in dark rough bark; needles in 2s, l 1 /^ to 2 

 inches long, clothing the branchlets densely; staminate catkins yellow, 20 to 

 65 in a spike-like cluster, conical, 3 to 4 lines long; ovulate catkins red, borne 

 1, 2 or 3 in a whorl, 2 lines long ; cones narrowly ovate or sub-cylindric, somewhat 

 oblique, globose when open, l 1 ^ to 1^ inches long, falling after 4 or 5 years or 

 remaining on the tree many years; apophysis low pyramidal, bearing a very 

 slender prickle which weathers away in age ; seeds l 1 /^ to 2 lines long, the wing 

 3 to 6 lines long; cotyledons 4 or 5. 



Coast of California from the Albion River (Mendocino Co.) northward to the 

 sand dunes of the .Oregon and "Washington shores and the sphagnum bogs of 

 Alaska. 



Var. bolanderi Vasey. Cane-like dwarfs 2 to 5 feet high with very small 

 cones. Mendocino "White Plains," (W.L.J. no. 2166). 



Refs. Pixus COXTORTA Douglas in London, Arb. Britt. vol. 4, p. 2292, figs. 2210, 2211 (1838), 

 type loc. mouth of the Columbia River, Douglas; Lemmon, Erythea, vol. 2, p. 174 (1894). 

 Var. bolanderi Vasey, Rep. U. S. Dept. Agr. 1875, p. 177 (1876). P. bolanderi Parlatore, 

 DeCandolle, Prodr. vol. 16, pt. 2, p. 379 (1869). 



10. P. coulter! Don. BIG-CONE PINE. Tree commonly 40 to 90 feet high, 

 with conical or more often spreading crown, long lower branches, yellowish 

 green foliage and trunks 1 to 2y 2 feet in diameter; trunk bark dark, roughly 

 broken so as to form an irregular network of longitudinal fissures and sometimes 

 loosening superficially into large thinnish scales ; needles in 3s, erect, tipped with 

 a short hard point, 5 to 10 (or 14) inches long; staminate catkins 15 to 65 in 



