38 



PINACEAE 





Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges at middle altitudes, north to British Columbia, 

 east to the Rocky Mts., south to the summit of the high mountains of Southern 



California and into Lower 

 California. It is the most 

 abundant tree in the main 

 timber belt of the Sierra 

 Nevada (5,000 to 7,500 feet 

 at the south, and 3,000 to 

 5,500 feet at the north). In 

 the South Coast Ranges it is 

 comparatively scarce and its 

 distribution more localized ; it 

 'occurs in the southern Santa 

 Lucias and north to Pico 

 Blanco, on the Pinnacles, 

 Santa Cruz Mts. above Laurel 

 Station, and in the Mt. Ham- 

 ilton Range in one limited 

 locality. In the North Coast 

 Ranges it occurs in the Napa 

 and Mt. Hood ranges, is 

 abundant in the inner ranges 

 north of Clear Lake, but no- 

 where penetrates the Redwood 

 Belt or reaches the neighbor- 

 hood of the ocean as it does 

 in the South Coast Ranges. 

 It grows on rich mountain 

 slopes, rocky cliffs, dry mesas, 



gravelly valley floors and is 

 FIG 2. PINTJS PONDEEOSA Dougl Open cone, broken more abundant and wide l v 

 through near base in falling, lower scales persisting ... , .. 



on branch, nat. size. distributed throughout the 



State than any other tree. 



The w r ood is hard, strong, but not tough, of high commercial value, com- 

 monly marketed as "white pine" but sometimes so light and fine-grained 

 as to be graded with Sugar Pine stock and sold as such. Rougher-barked trees 

 with inferior wood are called Bull Pine and Jack Pine by woodsmen. 



Var. Jeffrey! Vasey. JEFFREY PINE. Forest tree 60 to 125 or 170 feet high 

 with yellowish or wine-colored trunks, the bark broken into roughish plates; 

 cones larger and denser, 5 to 10 inches long, shaped when open like an old- 

 fashioned straw hive; prickle of the umbo often more slender; seeds often ob- 

 ovate, 5 to 7 lines long with a wing 12 or 13 lines long; cotyledons 7 to 13. 

 Sierra Nevada, the typical form in a marked belt at higher elevations (5,000 to 

 8,000 feet) than the species but everywhere passing over into it at lower ele- 

 vations. It ranges north into southern Oregon and southward to Southern 

 California (where it is common on the higher mountain summits) and into 

 Lower California. 



Eefs. Pixus PONDEROSA Douglas in Lawson, Man. p. 355 (1836), Comp. Bot. Mag. vol. 2, 

 p. Ill (1836), type loc. near Spokane Eiver, Douglas; Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. vol. 6, pt. 3, 

 p. 36, pis. (1857); Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. p. 21 (1901). P. benthamiana Hartweg, Jour. 



