36 



PINACEAE 



Cedar and White Fir. The largest of all pines. Wood light, soft, straight- 

 grained, of high commercial value. 



Refs. PINUS LAMBERTIANA Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. 15, p. 500 (1827), type loc. 

 Unipqua River Mts., Oregon, Douglas; Comp. Bot. Mag., vol. 2, pp. 92, 106, 107, 130, 152 

 (1836); Sudworth, 21st Rep. U. S. Geol. Sur. pt. 5 (For. Res.), p. 522 (1900); Jepson, Fl. 

 W. Mid. Cal. p. 20 (1901). Sugar Pine, Cooper, For. Service Bull. no. 69 (1906). 



3. P. albicaulis Engelin. WHITE-BARK PINE. (Fig. 1.) Subalpine tree, 

 usually dwarfish or prostrate; trunk y>> to 2 feet in diameter, often with 2 or 3 

 main stems from the base, 2 to 40 feet high; bark thin, whitish and smooth, or 

 fissured into scaly plates on the main trunk ; needles in 5s, 1 to 2 l / 2 inches long, 

 persisting 5 to 7 years, densely clothing the tips of the slowly growing branchlets ; 

 catkins scarlet ; cones ovoid or subglobose, yellowish brown, 1 to 3 inches long 

 and nearly as thick ; scales broad and rounded at apex with a short acute umbo, 

 not overlapping closely but their tips strongly thickened and either projecting 

 freely or presenting very bluntish points; seeds obovate, acute, not compressed 



or only on one side, obscurely mar- 

 gined towards the point, % to y> 

 inch long; wing narrow, usually 

 persistent on the scale; cotyledons 

 7 to 9. 



Subalpine on the. Sierra Nevada, 

 southward to the San Bernar- 

 dino Mts., north to British Colum- 

 bia and easterly to the Rocky 

 Mts. In the Coast Ranges it oc- 

 curs on a few high peaks (Salmon 

 Mts., Marble Mt.). In the Sierra 

 Nevada it is a timber line tree, 

 between 8,000 and 10,000 feet in 

 the south and 6,000 to 8,000 feet 

 in the north, forming a very thin 

 and scattered scrubby growth on 

 exposed slopes. Where winter 

 snows accumulate to great depth 

 on plateaus or in cirques it occurs 

 as low trees only 2 or 3 feet high 

 but with a flat or table-like top 6 

 to 10 feet broad. 



Refs. PINUS ALBICAULIS Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Aead. vol. 2, p. 209 (1863), type loc. 

 Oregon Cascades, Newberry; Merriam, Biol. Sur. Mt. Shasta, pp. 39, 137 (1899). P. ftexilis 

 var. albicaulis Engelmann in Bot. Cal. vol. 2, p. 124 (1880). 



4. P. flexilis James. LIMBER PINE. Tree 10 to 60 feet high with a short 

 trunk 1 to 3 feet in diameter; needles in 5s, 1 to 2 l / inches long, often curving, 

 densely clothing the ends of the branchlets and forming a sort of brush ; catkins 

 reddish; cones buff or olive-buff, globose to long-ovate, 2 to 5 inches long; 

 scales broad with rounded slightly thickened tips and terminal scar-like umbo, 

 overlapping rather closely and leaving only a narrow portion free on the 

 upper side the scale; seeds nearly oval, markedly compressed, surrounded by 

 an acute margin, 4 or 5 lines long ; wing narrow, generally persistent on scale ; 

 cotyledons 6 to 9. 



FIG. 1. PINUS ALBICAULIS Engelra. 

 cone; &, seed. nat. size. 



a, Closed 



