PINE FAMILY 35 



Needles in 3s. 



Cones broadly ovoid, 2y 2 to 4* inches long; needles 3 to 6 inches long; seashore. 



16. P. radiata. 



Cones oblong-ovate, 3 to 6 inches long ; needles 3 to 5 inches long ; montane 



17. P. tuberculata. 



1. P. monticola Don. SILVER PINE. Forest tree, 50 to 175 feet high, the 

 branches slender and spreading or somewhat drooping and mostly confined to 

 the upper portion of the shaft; trunk 1 to 6 feet in diameter, clothed with a 

 very smooth though slightly checked whitish or reddish bark y 2 to 1*4 inches 

 thick; needles in 5s, very slender, 1 to 3% inches long, sheathed at base by 

 thinnish narrow deciduous scales, some of which are 1 inch long; staminate 

 catkins 3 or 4 lines long, 6 or 7 (or more) in a cluster; ovulate catkins borne 

 near the ends of high branches on long peduncles; cones pendulous, 6 to 8, or 

 rarely 10 inches long, very slender when closed and usually curved towards the 

 tip, black-purple or green when young, 2y 2 to 3y 2 inches broad near the base 

 when open and tapering to the apex ; scales thin, smooth, widening from the base 

 to the rounded apex, chocolate-brown except the apophysis, which is buff and 

 bears a terminal scar-like umbo; seeds 3 to 4 lines long, their wings about 3 

 times as long, widest at the middle ; cotyledons 5 to 9, mostly 7 or 8. 



Sierra Nevada, in the main timber belt from 6,000 to 9,000 feet, ranging west 

 to Mt. Shasta, Scott Mts., the Trinities and Siskiyous, and northward to Van- 

 couver Island and northwestern Montana. Its wood is valuable but the species 

 is too weakly represented to be of very great forestral importance. 



Refs. PIXTJS MOXTICOLA Don in Lambert, Pinus, vol. 3, p. 27 (1837), type loc. mountains 

 near Grand Rapids of the Columbia, Douglas ; Sargent, Gard. & For. vol. 5, p. 1, fig. 1 (1892) ; 

 Merriam, Biol. Sur. Mt. Shasta, pp. 39, 136 (1899). 



2. P. lambertiana Dougl. SUGAR PINE. (Fig. 3.) Forest tree 80 to 250 

 feet high, the young and adult trees symmetrical, but the aged trees commonly 

 with broken summits or characteristically flat-topped with 1 or 2 long arm-like 

 branches exceeding shorter ones; trunk 2 to 8 feet in diameter, its bark brown 

 or reddish, closely fissured into rough ridges scaly on the surface. 1 to 4 inches 

 thick; needles in 5s, slender, 2 to 3 l / 2 inches long; staminate catkins yellowish 

 brown, 3 to 4 lines long, 15 to 25 in a cluster, their pollen-sacs with broad or 

 roundish minutely erose crests; cones pendulous on peduncles (2 to 3 l / 2 inches 

 long) at the ends of branches, mostly in the very summit of the tree, very 

 long oblong. 13 to 18 inches long, 4 to 6 inches in diameter when opened; scales 

 broad, only very slightly thickened, rounded at apex and tipped with a ter- 

 minal scar-like umbo; seeds 4 to 7 lines long with wings twice as long and 

 broadest near the middle; cotyledons 13 to 15. 



Sierra Nevada, mainly between 4,000 and 6,500 feet, the fourth most abundant 

 species in the main timber belt. North Coast Ranges : isolated patches on Gallo- 

 way and Austin creeks in Sonoma Co. ; Oathill Mine, Mt. St. Helena, Cobb Mt.. 

 Sanhedrin, Bartlett Mt. and north along the Yollo Bollys to South Fork Mt., 

 Trinity Summit, Marble Mt. and Mt. Shasta, thence north into Oregon as far as 

 North Fork Santiam River. South Coast Ranges : reported west of Palo Alto ; 

 Santa Lucia and Twin Peaks in Santa Lucia Mts. ; San Rafael Mts., eastward 

 to Tehachapi and southward through all the high Southern California ranges 

 (5,000 to 10,000 feet on the Sierra Madre, San Bernardino, San Jacinto and 

 Cuyamaca mts.) ; Lower California. Associated with Yellow Pine, Incense 



