PONDWEED FAMILY 75 



Var. LATIFOLIA Morong. Stem stout, sometimes 8 or 10 feet long ; leaves 3 to 6 

 lines wide ; nutlet with a distinct stipe, the pericarp splitting along the face ; 

 seed without ribs. Santa Barbara (type loe.) to Monterey, Bolinas Bay and 

 northward to Puget Sound. 



Eefs. ZOSTERA MARINA L. Sp. PI. 968 (1753); Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 192 (1880); Morong, 

 Mem. Torr. Club, 3 2 : 62, pi. 69 (1893) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 101 (1901). Z. pacifica and 

 oregana Wats. Proe. Am. Acad. 26: 131 (1891). Var. LATIFOLIA Morong, Bull. Torr. Club, 13: 

 160 (1886). Z. latifolia Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, 3 1 : 63, pi. 71 (1893). 



5. PHYLLOSPADIX Hook. 



Aquatic plants of rocky ocean shores, closely related to Zostera, with 

 elongated narrowly-linear radical leaves from much branched creeping root- 

 stocks. Flowers dioecious, borne in 2 rows on the side of a flattened spadix, 

 with a lateral chartaceous appendage covering each flower in the bud, the 

 whole inflorescence enclosed by a spathe which is produced beyond the spadix 

 as a foliaceous prolongation. Staminate spadices with sessile anthers; pistils 

 or rudiments none. Pistillate spadices with rudimentary anthers alternating 

 with the pistils; pistils simple, with 2 stigmas; ovary sagittate-cordate, i. e., 

 with two downwardly-produced horns at base, which in fruit are strongly 

 developed and bear on the inside deflexed bristles serving to attach the floating 

 nutlets to other plants on the beaches. Two or 3 species. (Greek phullon, 

 leaf, and spadix, a kind of inflorescence.) 



Flowering stems 1 foot long or more, bearing 2 to 5 pistillate spadices 1. P. torreyi. 



Flowering stems 2 or 3 inches long, bearing 1 pistillate spadix or rarely 2 2. P. scouleri. 



1. P. torreyi Wats. Rootstocks brittle; leaves iy 2 to 2 feet long, y 2 to 1 

 line broad; pistillate spadices 1 to 1% inches long; staminate spadices shorter 

 and with shorter peduncles ; nutlet 2,y 2 lines long. 



Low tide limits to two fathoms below: San Diego south to Ensenada (Lower 

 California), north to Santa Barbara, Bolinas Bay and Eussian River; usually 

 in more quiet waters than the next. The plants have been used for fireproofing 

 and deadening as a filling between the walls of buildings. 



Eefs. PHYLLOSPADIX TORREYI Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 303 (1879), type loc. Santa Bar- 

 bara, Torrey; Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 192 (1880); Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, 3 2 : 64, pis. 72, 74 

 (1893) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 102 (1901) ; Abrams, Fl. Los Ang. 14 (1904). 



2. P. scouleri Hook. Very similar to the preceding but the leaves rather 

 broader, % to 2 lines wide, and more obviously 3-nerved ; nutlet larger. 



Santa Barbara, Pacific Grove, Dillon's Beach (Baker}, Russian River (Dud- 

 ley) and northward to the Columbia River and Vancouver Island. Also on the 

 coast of Hokaido (Japan). 



Eefs. PHYLLOSPADIX SCOULERI Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 171, t. 186 (1839); Wats. Bot. Cal. 

 2: 192 (1880); Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, 3 2 : 65, pis. 73, 74 (1893); Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. 

 Cal. 102 (1901). 



6. NAIAS L. NAIAD. 



Slender branching submerged fresh-water plants with linear opposite spiny- 

 toothed leaves, which are seemingly whorled on account of the ones crowded in 

 the axils. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, solitary in the axils. Staminate 

 flower consisting of a single stamen enclosed by two perianth-like envelopes. 

 Pistillate flower naked, consisting of a single ovary bearing a style with 2 to 4 

 stigmas. Fruit a seed-like nutlet, tipped with the persistent style. World- 

 wide distribution, 32 species. (Greek Naias, a water-nymph.) 

 Leaves coarsely toothed, the sheathing base entire or with 1 or 2 teeth on each side ; stems and 

 back of the leaves often spiny; flowers dioecious 1. N. marina. 



