WATER PLANTAIN FAMILY 79 



2. DAMASONIUM Juss. 



Annual or perennial herbs. Flowers perfect. Petals delicate, spreading, 

 incised, soon marcescent. Stamens 6, in pairs opposite each sepal. Ovaries 

 6 to 10, 1 to several-ovuled, attached by their short ventral side to the conical 

 receptacle. Achenes with long erect beak, radiately whorled and divergent. 

 Species 4, 3 in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia, and 1 in California. (Name 

 of uncertain origin.) 



1. D. calif ornicum Torr. Stems erect, slender, 8 to 16 inches high, arising 

 from tuberous perennial rootstocks; leaf -blades ovate to lanceolate, 3 to 5- 

 nerved, 1 to 1% inches long, long-petioled ; panicle simple, with 2 to 4 verticils 

 of 3 to 10 flowers ; petals almost orbicular, 4 to 5 lines long, larger than the 

 sepals; ovaries 1-ovuled; achenes ribbed on back, with long subulate beak. 



Pools and shallow shores: Petaluma, Congdon; Sacramento Valley (College 

 City, Emma ^Y^lkins, Sutter Co., Copeland) ; northern Sierra Nevada from lone 

 Valley, 500 feet alt., Bigeloiv, to Sierra Valley, Lemmon, Big Meadows, Plumas 

 Co., Mrs. R. M. Austin, Honey Lake Valley, alt. 4000 feet, Davy, and north to 

 Egg Lake, Modoc Co., Baker. 



Befs. DAMASONIUM CALIFORNICUM Torr. in Benth. PI. Hartw. 341 (1857), type from Sacra- 

 mento Valley (neighborhood of Chico), Hartw eg ; Torr. Pae. E. E. Sur. 4: 142, pi. 21 (1857) ; 

 Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 200 (1880). Alisma calif ornica Mich, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 34 (1881). 

 Machaerocarpus calif ornicum Small. N. Am. Fl. 17 1 : 44 (1909). 



3. ECHINODORUS Rich. 



Annual or perennial herbs with the habit of Sagittaria. Stem scapose, with 

 the perfect flowers on short pedicels in umbel-like whorls. Stamens 6 to 12 or 

 more. Ovaries 1-ovuled, many to numerous, crowded on a globose receptacle, 

 attenuate into the terminal style. Achenes sharply ribbed. Species 18 or 20, 

 North and South America, Europe, Africa. (Greek echinos, hedgehog, and 

 doros, utricle, or leather bottle, in reference to the prickly fruit.) 



1. E. cordifolius Griseb. Annual; leaf-blades ovate, 5 to 9-nerved, obtuse, 

 truncate or cordate at base, l 1 /^ to 6 (or 8) inches long, long-petioled; scapes 

 erect. 1*4 to 2 feet high ; umbels distant, 3 to 12-flowered, proliferous and form- 

 ing a sparingly branched panicle; corolla 4 to 5 lines broad; stamens 12; 

 fruiting heads globose-ovate, 3 lines long; achenes 1 line long, strongly several- 

 ribbed, with a conspicuous erect straight beak. 



Borders of pools and streams, southern California : Garvanza, Davidson; 

 Ramona; Elsinore Lake, Parish; Lakeside, Hall. Eastward to Florida and 

 Illinois and south into Mexico and Lower California. Also lower San Joaquin 

 River, K. Brandegee, Sept., 1907. 



Eefs. ECHIXODORUS CORDIFOLIUS Griseb. Abh. K. Ges. Wiss. Gott. 7: 257 (1857). Alisma 

 cordifolium L. Sp. PI. 343 (1753). EcMnodorus rostratus Engelm. in Gray, Man. 460 (1848) ; 

 Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 201 (1880). 



4. LOPHOTOCARPUS T. Durand. 



Closely allied to Sagittaria. Leaves sagittate, sometimes with entire blades 

 or reduced to phyllodes. Flowers polygamous (perfect and staminate). Sepals 

 accrescent, erect and appressed in fruit. Stamens 9 to 21. Fruiting pedicels 

 recurved. Species 5 or 6, North and South America, Java, Madagascar. 

 (Greek lophos, crest, and karpos, fruit.) 



1. L. calycinus J. G. Sm. Aquatic; leaves submerged, floating or erect; 

 scapes simple, bearing 3 to 5 whorls of flowers. 



Stockton ; Los Angeles Co. ; east to the Atlantic. 



