94 



GRAMINEAE 



13. P. shastense Scribn. & Merr. Vernal form 1 to l { / 2 feet high, papillose- 

 pilose throughout; ligule 1 to iy 2 lines long, sparse; spikelets l 1 /^ lines long, 

 papillose-pubescent; autumnal form spreading, with geniculate nodes and 

 elongated arched internodes, rather sparingly branching from the middle 

 nodes. 



Meadows, Castle Crag (the only known locality), Hitchcock 3072. 

 Befs. PANICUM SHASTENSE Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 35: 3. 

 1901, type from Castle Crag, Greata in 1899. 



14. P. scribnerianum Nash. Vernal form erect, 1 to 2 feet high ; sheaths 

 papillose-hispid; ligule about y 2 line long; blades 2 to 3 inches long, 3 to 6 

 lines wide, firm, rounded and ciliate at base, glabrous above, often pubescent 

 beneath; panicles 2 to 3 inches long; spikelets slightly over iy 2 lines long, 

 turgid, blunt, sparsely hispid or nearly glabrous, strongly nerved; autumnal 

 form branching from the middle and upper nodes, the branches longer than 

 the internodes, late in the season producing crowded branchlets with ascending, 

 not greatly reduced blades and small, partially included panicles from their 

 upper nodes. 



Dry prairies from Maine to Maryland west to the Pacific, common in the 

 Mississippi Valley, rare in California. Castle Crag, Hitchcock 3074. 



Refs. PANICUM SCRIBNERIANUM Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 421. 1895. P. scopariuin [ Lam 

 misapplied by] Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 259. 1880. 



8. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. 



Spikelets with 1 perfect flower, nearly sessile in 1-sided spike-like racemes. 

 Glumes unequal, spiny-hispid, mucronate. Sterile lemma similar and awned 

 from the apex, or sometimes mucronate only, inclosing a hyaline palea and 

 sometimes a staminate flower. Fertile lemma and palea chartaeeous, acumi- 

 nate, the margins of the former inrolled except at the summit, the tip oP the 

 palea not included. Coarse annuals with compressed sheaths, long leaves and 

 terminal panicles of stout racemes. Species about 12, in the warm regions of 

 both hemispheres. (Greek echinos, a hedgehog, and chloa. grass.) 



Spikelets awned, the texture firm 1 . E. eriwflalli. 



Spikelets awnless, mucronate, the texture rather soft 2. E. colona. 



1. E. crusgalli Beauv. BARN-YARD GRASS. Culms stout, rather succulent, 

 branching from the base or erect, usually 2 to 3 feet high, sometimes larger; 

 leaves glabrous; panicle dense, 4 to 10 inches long, consisting of several erect 

 or spreading, or even drooping racemes; spikelets green or purple, long-awned 

 or nearly awnless, about l 1 /^ lines long, exclusive of awns, densely and irregu- 

 larly crowded in 3 or 4 rows. 



Fields and cultivated soil, especially along irrigating ditches. Common 

 throughout the U. S. A native of the Old World, some forms apparently 

 native in America. 



Refs. ECHINOCHLOA CRUSGALLI Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 53. 1812. Panicum cruxfialli L. Sp. 

 PI. 56. 1753; Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 260. 1880; Davy in Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 31. 

 1901; Abrams, Fl. Los Ang. 23. 1904. 



2. E. colona Link. Culms erect, spreading or prostrate, 1 to 2 feet high ; 

 leaves smooth; panicle of 5 to 10 dense racemes, y 2 to 1 inch long, rather dis- 

 tant, racemose along the axis; spikelets about iy 2 lines long; glumes and sterile 

 lemma pubescent, mucronate-pointed, but not awned. 



Introduced from the Old World into the warmer parts of America. Reported 

 from San Diego Co. by Thurber, and from Los Angeles and Santa Ana by 

 Abrams. 



