334 GBAMINEA13 



Tuolumne River, Lemmon; Lyell Fork, Hitchcock 3286; Sequoia Nat. Park, Crabtree Meadow, 

 Hitchcock 3440, Little Kern, Hitchcock 3469. 



Kefs. DANTHONIA INTERMEDIA Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 52. 1883. D. seric.ea [Nutt. 

 misapplied by] Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 294. 1880. 



TRIBE VII. CHLORIDEAE. 



37. CYNODON Rich. 



Spikelets 1-flowered, compressed, awnless, sessile in 2 rows along 1 side of 

 a continuous rachis. Glumes unequal, narrow, acute, keeled. Rachilla pro- 

 longed behind the floret as a blunt pedicel. Lemma broad, boat-shaped, obtuse, 

 ciliate on the keel. Palea as long as lemma, the prominent keels close together, 

 ciliolate. Low perennials with creeping rhizomes or stolons, and slender digi- 

 tate unilateral spikes. Species 4, warm regions. (Greek kuon, a dog, and 

 odous, a tooth.) 



1. C. dactylon Pers. BERMUDA GRASS. Culms flattened, wiry, glabrous; 

 ligule a conspicuous ring of white hairs; spikes 4 or 5, 1 to 2^ inches long; 

 spikelets imbricated, 1 line long, the lemma longer than the glumes. 



A native of the warmer parts of the Old World, now widely cultivated in the 

 western hemisphere from Virginia to Argentina. Not uncommon in California,, 

 especially along irrigating ditches; from Sacramento (Michener 147) and Cala- 

 veras Co. (Davy 1458) south to Santa Catalina Island (Trask) and Yuma Res. 

 (Chase 5516). Abundantly escaped in the southern part of the U. S. 



Eefs. CYNODON DACTYLON Pers. Syn. 1 : 85. 1805 ; Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2 : 292. 1880 ; 

 Davy in Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 56. 1901 ; Abrams, Fl. Los Ang. 41. 1904. Panicum dactylon 

 L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753. Capriola dactylon Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. 2: 764. 1891. 



38. SPARTINA Schreb. 



Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally compressed, articulated below the glumes,, 

 sessile and closely imbricated in 2 rows on 1 side of a continuous rachis, the 

 unilateral spikes scattered along a common axis. Glumes unequal, keeled, 

 acute or bristle-pointed. Lemma thin, obtuse, 1-nerved, usually shorter than 

 the second glume. Palea equaling or exceeding the lemma. Coarse perennials, 

 with strong rhizomes, rigid culms and long tough blades. Species about 10,. 

 mostly maritime, in temperate regions of Europe and America. (Greek spar- 

 tine, a cord, referring to the tough leaves.) 



Spikes closely approximate, forming a cylindrical inflorescence;, glumes smooth; blades wide,. 



flat below 1. S. foliosa* 



Spikes distinct; glumes ciliate; blades narrow and soon involute 2. S. gracilis* 



1. S. foliosa Trin. Culms stout, as much as % inch thick at base, usually 

 rooting from the lower nodes, 1 to 4 feet high, somewhat spongy in texture; 

 blades 4 to 6 lines broad at the flat base, gradually narrowed to a long involute- 

 tip, smooth on surface and margin; inflorescence dense, spike-like, about 6 

 inches long ; spikes approximate, numerous, close-appressed, 1 to 2 inches long ; 

 spikelets indurated, very flat, about % inch long ; glumes ciliate on keel, acute- 

 but not awned, the first narrow, about % as long as second, smooth, the second 

 sparingly hispidulous and striate-nerved ; lemma hispidulous on sides, smooth 

 on keel, a little shorter than the second glume; palea thin, longer than the 

 lemma, 1-keeled, 2-nerved. 



Salt marshes along the coast from San Francisco Bay southward. Useful in 

 reclaiming marsh land. 



Loes. Reclamation, Eastwood in 1897; Oakland, Blankinship 18; San Francisco, Bioletti 

 124, Bolander 1556 ; Newport, Parish Bros. 1602 ; San Diego, Orcutt 569, Palmer 274 in 1888. 



