GRASS FAMILY 167 



eru hemisphere, in America extending south to Virginia, Colorado, and southern 

 California. 



Eefs. FESTUCA BUBRA L. Sp. PI. 74. 1753; Davy in Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 68. 1901. 

 F. ovina L. var. rubra Gray, Man. ed. 5. 633. 1867 ; Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2 : 317. 1880. 

 F. rubra var. multi-flora Asehers. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 499. 1900. Var. densiuscula 

 Hack.; Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 22. 1906 (as subsp.). Var. pruinosa Hack, in Eep. Bot, 

 Exchange Club Brit. Isles 119. 1884. 



Piper has recognized three subspecies of F. rubra in California (Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 

 22. 1906): F. rubra multiflora Asehers. & Graebn. Lake Tahoe, Hitchcock in 1901; Bear 

 Valley, Lemmon 5434. A specimen collected by Anderson at Santa Cruz appears to belong to 

 this form. F. rubra pruinosa Hack. Ft. Bragg, Davy fy Blasdale 6117; Pt. Eeyes, Davy 6811. 

 F. rubra densiuscuia Hack. Crescent City, Davy $ Blasdale 5931, 5932. These specimens ap- 

 pear to belong to the same form as the two preceding. These forms appear to be scarcely 

 worthy of varietal rank. The first is distinguished chiefly by being tall and stout and by 

 having flat blades. The second and third by the denser panicle and glaucous spikelets, the 

 second having green leaves and the third glaucous leaves. 



13. F. howellii Hack. Resembling F. rubra but tall and stout, about 4 feet 

 high : culms numerous, erect at base, in a close tuft ; blades a foot or more 

 long, folded, smooth ; spikelets larger, the lemmas about 3% lines long, aAvned. 



Sherwood Valley, Davy & Blasdale 5231 ; rocky woods, Sherwood, Hitchcock 

 2706, 2716 ; Mt. Hood, Sonoma Co., Heller 5628. The specimens mentioned may 

 be forms of the variable F. rubra, but they agree in the characters given. Heller 

 no. 5628 is a good match for the type from Deer Creek Mt., Oregon (Howell 248), 

 the only other specimen known. 



Ref. FESTUCA HOAVELLII Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 591. 1896. 



14. F. occidentalis Hook. Culms densely tufted, slender, erect, shining, 

 l l /2 to 2% feet high ; sheaths smooth ; blades numerous, mostly basal, filiform- 

 involute, bright green, soft, 2 to 8 inches long; panicle loose, subsecund, 3 to 8 

 inches long, often drooping above, the rays solitary or the lowest in pairs; 

 spikelets loosely 3 to 5-flowered, 3 to 5 lines long, mostly on slender pedicels, 

 pale green ; lemmas rather thin, 2% to 3 lines long, scaberulous toward the 

 apex, attenuate into a slender awn about as long. 



Dry rocky wooded slopes and banks; Sequoia Nat. Park (Davidson 2114) and 

 San Mateo Co. (Baker 1920) ; north to British Columbia and east to Wyoming 

 and northern Michigan. 



Ref. FESTUCA OCCIDENTALIS Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 249. 1840. 



15. F. idahoensis Elmer. BLUE BUNCHGRASS. Culms densely tufted, smooth 

 or somewhat scabrous above, 1 to 3 feet high ; blades numerous, mostly basal, 

 rather stiff and firm, more or less flexuous, scabrous, 6 to 12 inches long, some- 

 times shorter; panicle narrow, 4 to 8 inches long, the branches appressed or 

 ascending, very scabrous; spikelets about as in F. rubra. the lemmas firmer, 

 the awn 1 to 2 lines long. 



Open woods and rocky slopes ; middle California to British Columbia, east to 



Alberta and Colorado. 



Locs. Warner Mts., Griffiths # Hunter 469, 472; Alturas, Applegate 898; Castella, Piper 

 6329; Trinity Co., BlanTcinship 11; Hupa, Chandler 1366; Mendoeino Co., Davy $ Blasdale 

 5314; Plumas Co., Lemmon 4653; Mt. Sanhedrin. JTdltr .1951 ; Flood's Peak, Sonoma Co., 

 Heller 5629; Vaca Mts., Jepson in 1897; Congress Springs, Hitchcock 2655. 



Refs. FESTUCA IDAHOENSIS Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 53. 1903. F. int/mtu Rydb. Bull. Torr. 

 Club 32: 608. 1905. F. ovina L. var. ingrata Hack.; Beal. Grasses N. Am. '2: 598. 1896. 



16. F. brachyphylla Schult. Culms erect, tufted, low, 4 to 6 inches high; 

 blades about y 2 as long as the culms, filiform, soft, angled in drying, the tissue 

 soft between the angles ; panicle short and narrow. 1 to 2 inches long, few- 



