202 



CYPERACEAE 



enlarged into hard woody tubers ; leaves equaling or exceeding the stem, keeled, 

 flat or deeply channeled, 2 to 4 lines wide ; involucre of few unequal spreading 

 foliaceous bracts 3 to 13 inches long, one much the longer and more erect ; inflor- 

 escence terminal, the spikelets in clusters of 1 to 3, the clusters congested-capitate 

 or commonly somewhat umbellate with unequal rays ; rays % to 11/2 inches long ; 



spikelets ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, 6 to 10 lines 

 long; scales thinly scarious, obscurely puberulent or 

 / v| subglabrous, keeled, bifid or lacerate, with a short 



soon recurved subulate awn between the teeth ; bristles 

 2 to 6, minutely and retrorsely scabrous, shorter than 

 the achene; style 2-cleft; achene round-obovate, sub- 

 lenticular, obtuse or truncatish, slightly apiculate, 

 dark brown, shining. 



Salt marshes and moist alkaline soils: throughout 

 California. North to Oregon and east to New Jersey. 



Locs. Ne. Modoc Co., Manning; Samoa, Humboldt Bay, 

 Tracy 3099; Napa, Jepson; Suisun Marshes, Jepson 2459; 

 Benieia, Jepson 7436; Alvarado, Jepson; Bakersfield, Davy 

 1826; San Bernardino, Parish; Imperial, Parish 8376. The 

 typical form has whitish spikelets. The var. paludosus Fern, 

 has drab or castaneous spikelets but does not differ otherwise. 

 It has much the same range as the species in California. 



Eefs. SCIRPUS CAMPESTRIS Britton, 111. Fl. ed. 1, 1:267 

 (1896), tvpe North American. S. maritimus Wats. Bot. Cal. 

 2:218 (1880), in part. S. robustus Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 87 

 (1901). Var. oompactus Davy in Jepson l.c. 88, type loc. 

 Stege, Davy 4075; spikelets congested into dense heads. Var. 

 paludosus Fern. Rhod. 2:241 (1900). S. paludosus Nelson, 

 Bull. Torr. Club, 26:5 (1899), type loc. Granger, Wyo., Nelson. 

 S. pacificus Britton; Parish, Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 4:8 (1905), 

 type loc. s. Cal. coast. 



Fig. 22. SCIRPUS CAMPES- 

 TRIS Britton. a, cluster 

 of spikelets, X 1 ; 6, scale, 

 X 3; c, aehene, X 3; d, 

 achene and bristles, X 3. 



12. S. fhiviatilis Gray. Similar to S. campestris ; 

 bract of the inflorescence exceedingly elongated ; scales 

 minutely puberulent, subulate awn recurved ; bristles 

 exceeding the achene; achene brownish or drab, 

 narrow-obovoid, flattish on one face, strongly carinate- 

 keeled on the other, obscurely apiculate, shortly 

 attenuate at base. 



Borders of lakes and streams, probably throughout northern California but 

 rarely collected. East to New Jersey. 



Locs. Honey Lake, Davy 3313; Sutter Co., Copeland 3263. 



Eefs. SCIRPUS FLUVIATILIS Gray, Man. 527 (1848). S. maritimus var. fluviatilis Torr. 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3:324 (1836), type loc. w. New York, Gray. 



13. S. microcarpus Presl. PANICLED BULRUSH. (Fig. 23.) Stems from 

 stout creeping rootstocks, stout, triangular, leafy, 2 to 5 feet high ; leaves flat, 

 4 to 8 lines wide; margins scabrid; involucre of several spreading foliaceous 

 bracts, about 1 to 2 times as long as the inflorescence ; spikelets 1 to 5 in terminal 

 and axillary clusters, the clusters in an umbellate compound panicle; panicle 

 large and open, the rays 1 to 6 inches long, the raylets 14 to % inch long ; spike- 

 lets narrow-ovate, greenish or lead-colored, 1 to 2 1 / 2 lines long; scales ovate, 

 membranous, with broad green midrib ; bristles 4, barbed to the base ; stamens 2 ; 

 style 2-cleft ; achene pale, plano-convex, not angled on the back, abruptly short- 

 beaked, 1/2 line long. 



Common along streams and in fresh-water marshes : California to Alaska and 

 Newfoundland. 



