212 



CYPERACEAE 



straw-colored or brownish, pointed; pistillate spikes wider, the scales ovate to 

 lanceolate, concealing the perigynia, yellowish-brown, with broad hyaline margins 

 and lighter center; perigynia lanceolate, 4 mm. long, lightly nerved ventrally, 

 strongly nerved dorsally, tapering into a strongly serrulate beak nearly 2 mm. 

 long, its apex hyaline ; styles elongate. 



Dry or alkaline soil along or east of the Sierra Nevada from Modoc Co. to 

 Inyo Co. ; south to Mt. Pinos. North to British Columbia, east to Nebraska. 



Locs. Mt. Pinos, Ventura Co., Hall 6554; North Fork Crooked Creek, White Mta., Jepson 

 7271; Mono Valley, Brewer 1813; Yosemite, Bolandcr 6199; Donner Lake, Davy 3233 B; 

 Warner Mts., Griffiths $ Hunter 459. 



Ref. CAREX DOUGLASII Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:213, pi. 214 (1840), type loc. North- 

 west Coast, Douglas. 



7. C. simulata Mackenzie. Culms 3 to 5 dm. high; leaf -blades 2 to 4 mm. 

 wide, flat; head linear-oblong or oblong-ovoid, 12 to 25 mm. long, the 5 to 15 

 spikes pistillate, staminate or androgynous; scales concealing the perigynia, 

 cuspidate, brown with hyaline margins ; perigynia broadly ovate, 1.8 to 2.25 mm. 

 long, nerveless ventrally, serrulate above, abruptly beaked, the beak 0.25 mm. 

 long. 



Wet soil, west slope or mostly east slope of the Sierra Nevada from Fnsiio 

 Co. to Sierra Co. and northward. North to Washington, east to Colorado. 



Locs. Kings Eiver Canon, Dudley 3193; Rowan Mdw., Fresno Co., Dudley; Sonora trail, 

 Brewer 1865; Sierraville, Dudley; Modoc Co., Manning 952 (in part); Sisson, Dudley. 



Refs. CAREX SIMULATA Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Club 34:604 (1907), type loe. Chug Creek, 

 Albany Co., Wyo., A. Nelson 7316. C. gayana Boott, 111. Car. 3:126, pi. 411 (1862), not Desv. 



8. C. pansa Bailey. (Fig. 29d-f.) Culms 1.5 to 3 dm. high; leaf-blades 

 1 to 3 mm. wide; head 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, the spikes lance-ovoid, 7 to 10 mm. 

 long, the several to many perigynia appressed; scales with conspicuous white- 

 hyaline margins, concealing perigynia; perigynia oblong-lanceolate, nerveless 

 ventrally, tapering at apex, the beak 1 mm. long, serrulate. 



Drifting sands along the seacoast from Monterey Co. to Del Norte Co. 

 North to Washington. 



Locs. Asilomar, Monterey, Parish 11475; San Francisco, Olsson-Seffer; Eureka, Tracy 

 3258; Crescent City, Dudley. 



Refs. CAREX PANSA. Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13:82 (1880), based upon Clatsop, Ore., Henderson, 

 and Ilwaco, Wash., Henderson; Mackenzie, Erythea 8:25, fig. 5 (1922). 



9. C. praegracilis W. Boott. Culms 2 to 7.5 dm. high; leaf -blades 1.5 to 

 3 mm. wide, flattened or canaliculate; head 1 to 5 cm. long, the 5 to 15 spikes 

 densely aggregated, androgynous, with 4 to 10 perigynia ; scales ovate-lanceolate, 

 acute to cuspidate, nearly concealing the perigynia; perigynia nerved on the 

 outer, nearly nerveless on the inner face. 



Meadows, widely distributed except on the higher mountains. North to 

 Alaska, east to Iowa. 



Locs. San Jacinto Mts., Hall 2664; San Bernardino, Parish 4651; San Antonio Mts., 

 Abrams 2679; San Pedro, Wood 262; Mt. Pinos, Hall 6375; Santa Barbara, Bingham 491; 

 Pacific Grove, Heller 6634; Hepsedam Peak, San Benito Co., Dudley; San Francisco, If. /-.'. 

 Jones 3268; Sacramento, Bolander 4502; Giant Forest, Dudley 2987; Tallac, Dudley; Mill 

 Creek, Mt. Lassen, Hall $ BabcocTc 4308 in part; Hanaupah Canon, Panamint Mts., Jepson 

 7097; White Mts., Shockley 632. 



Refs. CAREX PRAEGRACILIS W. Boott, Bot. Gaz. 9:87 (1884), type loc. San Diego, Scott. 

 C. marcida Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:212, pi. 213 (1840), type from Columbia River 

 (not J. F. Gmel. 1791). C. dougl<isii Boott var. brunnea Olney, Bot. King 5:363 (1871), 

 type from Cal., Coulter 805. C. usta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1:20 (1889), based on C. 

 douglasii var. brunnea. C. hookeriana Parish, Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 5:26 (1906), not Dew. C. 

 sicoata Parish, I.e. 50, not Dew. 



Sect. 6. Muhlenberglanae Tuckerm. Densely cespitose. Culms not flattened. Spikes few. 

 androgynous or pistillate but never gynaeeandrous, rarely compound. Perigynia plano- 

 convex, appressed to reflexed, often strongly spongy at base, narrowly sharp-margined, 

 conspicuously beaked, the beak sharply bidentate. Achenes lenticular. Stigmas 2. 



