SEDGE FAMILY 229 



spike 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long; pistillate spikes 1 or 2, approximate, sessile or short- 

 peduncled, 1 to 2 cm. long, closely 5 to 15-flowered; perigynia 3.5 to 4.5 mm. 

 long, the body ellipsoid, glaucous, faintly nerved, exceeding the scales. 



Sphagnum bogs, Mendocino Co. (Mendocino City, Bolander 4745). North 

 to Alaska, east to Labrador. 



Eefs. CAREX LIVIDA Willd. Sp. PL 4:285 (1805). C. Ivmosa L. var. livida Wahl. Vet. Akad. 

 Handl. Stockholm 24:162 (1803), type from n. Eur. 



77. C. calif ornica Bailey. (Fig. 33g-i.) Rootstocks stout; culms 2 to 7 dm. 

 high, smooth, reddish-purple at base, strongly aphyllopodic ; culm-leaves 2 to 4, 

 the blades 1.5 to 5 mm. wide, glandular-dotted beneath; staminate spike 1.5 to 

 3.5 cm. long; pistillate spikes 2 to 4, strongly separate, the upper short exsert- 

 peduncled, the lower often nearly basal and long exsert-peduncled, linear-oblong, 

 1 to 3 cm. long, with 7 to 20 appressed perigynia: scales hispidulous; perigynia 

 3.5 to 4 mm. long, the body suborbicular, green, several-nerved, the beak 0.75 mm. 

 long with slightly oblique orifice. 



Meadows and prairies, Mendocino Co. (J. W. Coiigdon). North to Wash- 

 ington. Rare and local. 



Eefs. CAREX CALIFORNICA Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1:9 (1889), type loe. Mendocino, 

 Bolander 4741; Mackenzie, Erythea 8:59, fig. 29 (1922). C. polymorpha W. Boott in Bot. 

 Cal. 2:247 (1880), not MuhL C. polymorpha var. calif ornica Kiik. in Engler, Pflzr. 4 20 :515 

 (1909). 



Sect. 22. Laxiflorae Kunth. Cespitose. Fertile culms mostly lateral, the sterile shoots leafy, 

 conspicuous. Basal sheaths brownish or purplish-tinged. Terminal spike staminate, linear. 

 Lateral spikes 2 to 5, pistillate or androgynous, loosely to closely few to many-flowered, in 

 few to several ranks, on erect to drooping, included or exserted peduncles. Bracts sheath- 

 ing, the sheaths green or purplish tinged, the blades leaf -like or sometimes reduced. Scales 

 green with hyaline margins or more or less colored. Perigynia ascending, membranaceous, 

 triangular, usually nerved, closely enveloping the achene, glabrous or hispidulous, tapering 

 at the base, short-beaked or beakless, the orifice entire. Achenes triangular, apiculate. 

 Stigmas 3. 



78. C. hendersonii Bailey. Culms 4 to 9 dm. high, sharply triangular, rough 

 above ; sterile shoots developing conspicuous culms ; leaf-blades 3 to 15 mm. wide, 

 spike 1.5 to 3 dm. long; pistillate spikes 2 to 4, erect, 12 to 25 mm. long, with 

 5 to 12 alternate ascending perigynia, the upper spikes approximate, the lower 

 widely separate ; scales broadly obovate, mucronate ; perigynia narrowly obovoid, 

 5 to 6 mm. long, tapering into a straight scarcely differentiated beak. 



Damp woods in the Coast Ranges from Sonoma Co. to Humboldt Co. North 

 to British Columbia. 



Locs. Guerneville, Davy; Mendocino City, Bolander 4747; Eureka, Tracy 2202. 

 Eefs. CAREX HENDERSONII Bailey, Proe. Am. Acad. 22:115 (1886), type loc. Portland 

 Ore., L. F. Henderson; Mackenzie, Erythea 8:60, fig. 30 (1922). C. laxiflora Lam. var. 

 plantaginea Olney, Proc. Am. Aead. 8:407 (1872). 



Sect. 23. Triquetrae Carey. Cespitose, leafy toward base. Leaf -blades narrow, the sheaths 

 not purplish tinged. Terminal spike linear, staminate. Lateral spikes 2 to 4, approximate 

 or more or less separate or sometimes basal, 5- to 30-flowered in few ranks. Bracts sheath- 

 ing, not purplish tinged, the lowest with a well-developed blade. Pistillate scales greenish 

 or hyaline or reddish-brown tinged. Perigynia membranaceous, ascending, obovoid, short- 

 pubescent or glabrous, triangular, tapering and more or less stipitate at base, abruptly 

 contracted into the minute beak, the orifice obliquely cut, minutely bidentate. Achenes 

 triangular, closely enveloped. Stigmas 3, early deciduous. 



79. C. flaccifolia Mackenzie. Culms 6 to 9 dm. high; leaf -blades about 

 3 mm. wide ; staminate spike 1 to 2.5 cm. long, short-peduncled ; pistillate spikes 

 mostly 3, approximate or somewhat separate, sessile or short-peduncled, 1 to 

 2.5 cm. long, rather loosely 8- to 25-flowered ; scales ovate, cuspidate ; perigynia 

 short-tapering at base, the beak 0.5 mm. long, bidentulate. 



Dry plains in southwestern California. 



Eef. CAREX FLACCIFOLIA Mackenzie, Erythea 8:92 (1922), type from sw. Cal., Geo. B. 

 Grant, May 1, 1902. 



