SEDGE FAMILY 241 



Sect. 32. Extensae Fries. Culms slender but strict, obtusely triangular, leafy toward base. 

 Leaves sparingly septate-nodulose, the blades narrow. Spikes 2 to 10, the terminal usually 

 staminate, the others pistillate, suborbicular to oblong, densely flowered, 3 cm, or less long, 

 the upper sessile and approximate, the lower remote, peduncled, erect. Bracts leafy, more 

 or less sheathing. Pistillate scales ovate, mostly reddish, copper or chestnut tinged. Peri- 

 gynia ascending, spreading or deflexed, membranaceous, smooth, many-nerved, somewhat 

 inflated, obscurely triangular, rounded at base, contracted into a bidentate beak, the teeth 

 very erect. Achenes triangular with flat sides. Stigmas 3. 



121. C. viridula Michx. Densely cespitose, the culms 0.6 to 3 dm. high, 

 smooth; leaf-blades 1 to 3 mm. wide, canaliculate; staminate spike sessile or 

 short-peduncled ; pistillate spikes 2 to 6, 4 to 12 mm. long; scales ovate, much 

 shorter than perigynia, obtuse or acutish; perigynia 2 to 3 mm. long, the beak 

 scarcely y 2 length of body. 



Swamps on the Mendocino Coast (Inglenook, J. W. Congdon). North to 

 Alaska, east to the Atlantic. 



Eef. CAREX VIRIDULA Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:170 (1803), type from Canada. 



Sect. 33. Physocarpae Drejer. Culms mostly tall and stout. Leaves septate-nodulose, not 

 hairy. Spikes 2 to 10, the upper 1 to 5 staminate, the others normally pistillate, subglobose 

 to linear-cylindric, generally closely many-flowered, erect, short-peduncled, more or less 

 remote. Bracts leaflike, much exceeding the inflorescence, normally sheathless. Perigynia 

 ascending, spreading or even reflexed, membranaceous, smooth, from little to much inflated, 

 suborbicular in cross-section, coarsely many-ribbed or nerveless, contracted into a beak, 

 the beak entire to bidentate. Achenes much shorter than perigynia, triangular or lenticular. 

 Stigmas 3 or 2. 



122. C. vesicaria L. Rootstocks short-creeping and stolonif erous ; culms 

 3 to 10 dm. high, aphyllopodic, purplish-tinged at base; leaf -blades 2 to 7 mm. 

 wide, the sheaths sparingly nodulose dorsally; staminate spikes 2 to 4, linear, 

 2 to 4 cm. long; pistillate spikes 1 to 3, sessile or short-peduncled, oblong- 

 cylindric, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, more or less strongly separate ; scales ovate-lanceo- 

 late, sharp-pointed; perigynia ovoid, yellowish-green or darker tinged. 



Wet meadows and swamps: Coast Ranges from Marin Co. to Siskiyou Co., 

 20 to 2000 ft. ; Sierra Nevada from Tulare Co. to Siskiyou Co. North to British 

 Columbia, east to the Atlantic. Very variable. 



Locs. Coast Ranges: Tomales Bay, Bolander 2303; Sebastopol, Heller 5798; Cahto, Men- 

 docino Co., Bolander 4689. Sierra Nevada: Kaweah Mdws., Purpus 2097; Kings River Canon, 

 Dudley 3192; Nellie Lake, Fresno Co., A. L. Grant 1083; Lake Mary, Mono Co., Congdon; 

 Yosemite, Jepson 5666; Hetch-Hetchy, Jepson 4633, 3476; Squaw Valley, Placer Co., L. S. 

 Smith 567; Prattville, Plumas Co., Heller $ Kennedy 8818; Egg Lake, Modoc Co., Baker; 

 Medicine Lake, Siskiyou Co., Goldsmith 27. 



Refs. CAREX VESICARIA L. Sp. PI. 2:979 (1753), type European; Kiik. in Engler, Pflzr. 

 4 2C :725, fig. 124n (1909) ; Mackenzie, Erythea 8:87, fig. 48 (1922). C. monUe Tuck. var. padfica 

 Bailey, Proc. Cal. Acad. ser. 2, 3:105 (1891), type loc. Yosemite, Brewer 1654. C. trichocarpa 

 Muhl. var. imberbis W. Boott in Bot. Cal. 2:251 (1880), not Carey. C. monile W. Boott, l.c. 

 not Tuck. C. vesicaria L. var. pacifica Kiik. and var. colorata Kiik. in Engler, Pflzr. 4 20 :726 

 (1909). C. vesicaria, L. var. obtusisquamis Bailey, Carex Cat. 4 (1884); Bot. Gaz. 9:121 

 (1884), type from Yosemite, Brewer 1781. 



123. C. exsiccata Bailey. Rootstocks short-creeping; culms 3 to 10 dm. 

 high, rough above, aphyllopodic, purplish-tinged at base ; leaf -blades 3 to 7 mm. 

 wide, the sheaths sparingly nodulose dorsally ; staminate spikes 2 to 4, 2 to 4.5 cm. 

 long, narrow; pistillate spikes 1 to 3, sessile or short-peduncled, more or less 

 strongly separate, cylindric, 2 to 7.5 cm. long; scales lanceolate-ovate, sharp- 

 pointed ; perigynia lanceolate, olive green. 



Wet places along the coast from Santa Cruz Co. to Humboldt Co. North to 

 Alaska, east to Montana. 



Locs. Wrights, Santa Clara Co., Dudley ; Woodside, San Mateo Co., Dudley ; Tomales Bay, 

 Bigelow ; Ft. Bragg, Mathews 21; Eureka, Traoy 1194. 



Refs. CAREX EXSICCATA Bailey, Mem, Torr. Club 1:6 (1889); Mackenzie, Erythea 8:88, 

 fig. 49 (1922). C. vesicaria L. var. major Boott in Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 2:221 (1840), type 

 from Columbia River, Douglas, Scouler. 



