JUNCACEAE 247 



Still water: Mendocino Co. ace. Bot. Gal. 2:187 (1880). Oregon and east 

 to the Atlantic. 



Eefs. HETERANTHERA DUBIA MacM. Met. Minn. 138 (1892). Commelina dubla Jacq. Obs. 

 Bot. 3:9, pi. 59 (1768), type coll. by Clayton, undoubtedly in Virginia. Schollera graminea 

 Gray, Man. 511 (1848). 



Eichornia Kunth. Herbs with rootstock floating or rooting in mud. Petioles 

 wholly or partly inflated, the blades roundish to ovate. Perianth bluish purple. 

 Stamens 6. Ovary 3-celled. E. CRASSIPES Solms. Water Hyacinth. Scapes 4 

 to 16 in. high ; blades 2y 2 to 3 in. broad. Introduced from tropical America and 

 locally established as a weed at a few stations. 



Locs. Warm Creek reservoir, San Bernardino, beginning to extend down stream, Parish 

 11648; sloughs and ponds east of Fresno in the foothills ace. Eugene Heath; Clarksburg, 

 Yolo Co., Eleanor W. Smith. In tropical waters and in Florida the plants multiply vegetatively 

 with rapidity and become a menace, since often obstructing navigation in rivers and rendering 

 lakes and streams unsightly. 



Kefs. EICHORNIA CRASSIPES Solms in DC. Monog. Phan. 4:527 (1883). Pontederia crassipes 

 Mart. Nov. Gen. 1:9, t. 4 (1824), type loc. Brazil. Piaropus crassipes Britt. Ann. N. Y. Acad. 

 7:241 (1893). 



JUNCACEAE. RUSH FAMILY 



Annual or perennial herbs. Stems simple, terete or ancipital. Leaves alter- 

 nate, sheathing, narrow, flat or terete. Flowers lily-like in structure, sedge-like 

 in aspect, small, dry, perfect, disposed in terminal or sometimes apparently lateral 

 heads, spikes, corymbs or panicles. Perianth with 6 distinct similar glume-like 

 segments. Stamens 6 or sometimes 3. Ovary superior, 3 or sometimes 1-celled ; 

 stigmas 3, filiform; ovules 3 to many. Fruit a loculicidally 3-valved capsule. 

 Embryo minute, enclosed in fleshy endosperm. In both the genera Luzula and 

 Juncus, individuals of the same species vary greatly in aspect owing to the 

 tendency of the inflorescence to become either capita tely-congested on the one 

 hand or loosely paniculate on the other. The hue of the inflorescence is, however, 

 very constant. The lowest bract of the inflorescence is here termed the involucral 

 bract. Genera 8, the species about 300, widely dispersed. 



Bibliog. Engelman, Geo., Revision of N. Am. Species of the genus Juncus (Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad. 2:424-498, 1836-1868). Buchenau, F., Monog. Juncacearum (Engler, Jahrb. 

 1:104-141, 1880); Die Verbreitung der Juncaceen uber die Erde (I.e. 12:1-145, 1890) ; 

 Juncaceae (Engler, Pflzr. 436 : l-284, figs. 1-121, 1903). Wiegand, K. M., Juncus tenuis and 

 some of its N. Am. allies (Bull Torr. Club, 27:511-527, 1900). Parish, S. B., Southern Cal. 

 Juncaceae (Muhl. 6:113-120, 121-128, 1910). Fernald & Wiegand, N. Am. Variations of 

 Juncus effusus (Rhod. 12:81-93, 1910). 



Leaves stiff, terete or flat ; stems usually with spongy pith ; capsule 3 or 1-celled ; seeds several 



to many 1. JUNCUS. 



Leaves soft, flat; stems hollow; capsule 1-celled; seeds 1 to 3 2. LUZULA. 



1. JUNCUS L. RUSH 



Plants of swamps or wet places; herbage glabrous. Stems simple (rarely 

 branching), with spongy pith or sometimes hollow, leafy, or naked and scape- 

 like. Leaves stiff, terete, channeled or flat, the blades arising from sheaths or the 

 sheaths sometimes bladeless. Flowers greenish or brownish. Stamens 6, or when 

 3 opposite the outer perianth segments. Capsule 3-celled with central placentae 

 or 1-celled with 3 parietal placentae, many-seeded. Species 207, all continents. 

 (Classical name for the Rush, perhaps from Latin jungo, to join, the stems used 

 for binding.) Sheaths sometimes bearing a ligule at summit. 



A. Inflorescence apparently lateral; involucral "bract erect, appearing like a continuous 

 prolongation of the stem; leaves all basal, reduced to sheaths or the inner sheaths 

 sometimes blade-bearing and terete; ligules none; stems scape-like; perennials. 

 Flowers 3 to 9 in head-like clusters, the clusters disposed in a panicle; inner sheaths blade- 

 bearing; stems and blades stout and pungent. 

 Perianth segments brownish, scariously margined or winged, the inner obovate, emarginate, 



a line long; capsule subglobose, obtuse 1. J. qcutus. 



Perianth segments greenish, not winged, the inner lanceolate, rarely ovate, acute, 3 lines 

 long; capsule ovate, acute 2. J. cooperi. 



