RUSH FAMILY 251 



8. J. effusus L. BOG RUSH. (Fig. 39b-d.) Similar in habit to J. patent 

 but stamens and perianth segments smaller and not so spreading; stems terete, 

 2 to 4 feet high ; inner sheaths tipped with a short awn ; panicle slender, usually 

 diffuse, many-flowered ; perianth pale brown, 1 line long, the segments lanceolate, 

 acute, equaling the capsule ; capsule obovoid or even broadly clavate, obtuse or 

 retuse, triangular ; stamens 3, anthers equaling the filaments ; seeds apiculate. 



Common in springy spots or bogs, forming very dense or heavy clumps on 

 hillsides or valley flats ; Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada and Southern California ; 

 also distributed widely throughout the north temperate regions of both the Old 

 and the New "World. Also called Sugar Grass. 



Loes. Santa Ana Biver, San Bernardino Co., Parish; Berkeley, Jepson 3072; Angwins, 

 Howell Mt., Jepson; Eureka, Tracy 2548; La Moine, Sacramento Biver, Goldsmith 11; Sisson, 

 Jepson 6156; Middle Camp near Confidence, Tuolumne Co., Jepson 6452; Center Camp, 

 Tuolumne Co., A. L. Grant 556; Yosemite Valley, Bolander. The spms. cited represent the 

 usual stoutish form of the species in California and doubtless answer to the var. paeifieus 

 Tern. & Wieg. Bhod. 12:89 (1910). The typical J. effusus L. of Europe does not occur in 

 America ace. Fernald and Wiegand. 



Var. exiguus Fern. & Wieg. Very slender; sheaths pale; flowers very small, pale. 

 Yosemite Park; Widow Creek, Mt. Shasta, Goldsmith 36. Var. gracilis Hook. Culms rigid, 

 wiry; perianth segments with lateral dark-brown bands. Mt. Sanhedrin and north to British 

 Columbia. 



Var. brunneus Engelm. NIGGER HEADS. Panicle usually very short and compact; perianth 

 and capsule dark brown. Coast form : Eureka, Humboldt Co., Traoy 1221 ; Pt. Benicia, Marin 

 Co., Michener $ Bioletti; Lobos Creek, San Francisco, Kellogg; Palo Alto, Congdon; Carmel, 

 Ferguson 301. 



Befs. JUNCUS EFFUSUS L. Sp. PI. 326 (1753), type European. Var. EXIGUUS Fern. & 

 Wieg. Bhod. 12:87 (1910), type loc. Yosemite Valley, Bolander 4949. Var. GRACILIS Hook. 

 Fl. Bor. Am. 2:190 (1840), type loc. "N. W. Coast. Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scouler." Var. 

 BRUNNEUS Engelm. Trans. St. Louia Acad. 2:491 (1868), type loc. salt marshes near San 

 Francisco. Var. aemulans Buch. in Engler, Pflzr. 4 36 :136 (1906). 



9. J. drummondii E. Mey. (Fig. 39e-g.) Densely caespitose ; stems slender, 

 terete, 6 to 15 inches high ; inner sheaths bristle-tipped ; spathe 1X> to % inch 

 long, equaling or exceeding the inflorescence; perianth segments 3 lines long, 

 with brown margins, lanceolate, acute, the inner a little shorter ; capsule brown, 

 oblong, retuse, nearly equaling the perianth ; seeds ovate, caudate at both ends, 

 brown. 



High montane, 7000 to 9000 feet, Sierra Nevada from Tulare Co. to Siskiyou 

 Co. Northward to Alaska ; also in the Rocky Mts. 



Locs. Mineral King (aec. Coville) ; Lake Ahiguita, Madera Co., Congdon; Mono Trail, 

 Bolander 5096; Calaveras Big Trees, Hillebrand 2337; Sonora Pass, A. L. Grant 432; Dead- 

 man Creek, Tuolumne Co., Jepson 6569; Soda Springs Canon, Kennedy Lake, A. L. Grant 483; 

 Mt. Tallac, Jepson 8146; Mt. Shasta, Brewer 1383. Orca, Alaska, Jepson 450. 



Befs. JUNCUS DRUMMONDII E. Mey. in Ledebour, Fl. Boss. 4:235 (1853), type loe. islands 

 of Karaginsk (Mertens) and Unalaska (Chamisso and Eschsoholtz~) ; Buch. in Engler, Pflzr. 

 436:142, fig. 73 (1906). J. comprcssus var. subtriflorus E. Mey. Linnaea, 3:368 (1828), type 

 loc. Unalaska. J. subtriflorus Cov. Cont. IT. S. Nat. Herb. 4:208 (1893). Var. humilis 

 Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Aead. 2:445 (1866), type loe. Mt. Shasta, Brewer, is simply a reduced 

 form. 



10. J. parryi Engelm. (Fig. 39h.) Caespitose; stems filiform, 3 to 6 inches 

 high; inner sheaths leaf -bearing, the leaves sulcate at base, terete above, much 

 shorter than the stems ; ligules none or obscure ; spathe exceeding the inflores- 

 cence, % to 1 inch long ; perianth segments 3 lines long, more or less tinged with 

 brown, lanceolate-acuminate, or the inner obtuse; capsule oblong or narrowly 

 oblong, acute, about equaling or a little exceeding the perianth; seeds as in J. 

 drummondii. 



Thin soil drift or alpine meadowlets on granite slopes, Sierra Nevada, 6000 

 to 12,500 feet. Northward to British Columbia, east to the Rocky Mts. 



Locs. Mt. Whitney, Jepson 1079; Lake Merced, Yosemite Park, Jepson 4408; Little 

 Yosemite, Jepson 4399; Lambert Dome, Jepson 3250; Silver Lake, Lassen Co., Balcer $ Nut- 

 ting; Soda Springs Canon, Kennedy Lake, A. L. Grant 491; Mt. Tallac, Jepson 8146a; Mt. 

 Shasta, Jepson; Medicine Lake, Siskiyou Co., Goldsmith 35. 



