260 LILJACEAE 



Bloomeria and Scoliopus are almost restricted to its limits. There are about 88 

 species and 23 varieties peculiar to California, chiefly in Allium, Brodiaea and 

 Calochortus. 



Bibliog. Gray, A., Melanthacearum Am. Sept. Bevisio (Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4:105-140, 

 1837). Wood, A., Sketch of the Liliaceae as Represented in Oregon and California (Proc. 

 Acad. Phila. 20:165-174, 1868). Baker, J. G., Eevision of the .Herbaceous Capsular Gamo- 

 phyllous Liliaceae (Jour. Linn. Soc. 11:349-436, 1870); Eevision of the Genera and Species 

 of Scilleae and Chlorogaleae (I.e. 13:209-292, 1873); Revision of the Genera and Species 

 of Tulipeae (I.e. 14:211-310, 1874); Synopsis of the Colchicaceae and the aberrant tribes 

 of Liliaceae (I.e. 17:405-510, 1879). Eegel, E., Alliorum adhuc cognitorum monographia, 

 1-266 (1875). De Candolle, A., Smilaces (Monog. Phan. 1:1-217, 1878). Watson, S., Ee- 

 vision of the N. Am. Liliaceae (Proc. Am. Acad. 14:213-288, 1879). Greene, E. L., Geog. 

 Distribution of Western Unifolia (Pitt. 2:31-35, 1889). Purdy, Notes on Liliaceae (Zoe, 

 1:244-245, 1890). Eydberg, P. A., Eocky Mt. Spp. Melanthaceae (Bull. Torr. Club 27:528- 

 538, 1900). Heller, A. A., Western Veratrums (Muhl. 1:119-125, 1905); Death Camas 

 (l.c. 5:50-52, 1909). Piper, C. V., Notes on Calochortus (Bull. Torr. Club 33:537-540, 

 1906). Trelease, W., The Desert Group Nolineae (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 50:404-443, pis. 

 1-17, 1911). Jones, M. E., Allium (Contrib. 10:4-30, 70-77, 83-86, with 17 pages of figs, 

 of onion coat markings, 1902) ; [Notes on] Liliaceae (l.c. 14:21-30, 1912). Marsh & Claw- 

 son, Zygadenus or Death Camass (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 125, 1915). MacBride, J. F., 

 Zigadenus (Contrib. Gray Herb. n.s. 53:2-5, 1918); Further new or otherwise interesting 

 Liliaceae (l.c. 56:1-20, 1918). Gates, E. E., Systematic Study of N. Am. Melanthaceae (Jour. 

 Linn. Soc. Bot. 44:131-172, pi. 5, 1918); Systematic Analytical Study of certain N. Am. 

 Convallariaceae, considered in regard to their origin through discontinuous variation (Ann. 

 Bot. 32:253-257, 1918). 



A. Fruit a capsule. 



1. PERENNIAL HERBS. 



Styles 3 and distinct (except no. 1); plants with rootstocks (except nos. 4 and 5); perianth- 

 segments distinct. 

 Leaves equitant. 



Stamens with densely woolly filaments; flowers in a loose raceme 1. NARTHECIUM. 



Stamens not woolly; flowers in a head or capitate raceme 2. TOFIELDIA. 



Leaves not equitant. 



Stem glabrous, the leaves mostly basal. 

 Perianth-segments not glandular. 



Leaves very dry and sedge-like, rough-edged; flowers not nodding 



3. XEROPHYLLUM. 



Leaves not sedge-like; flowers nodding 4. STENANTHIUM. 



Perianth-segments glandular near the base 5. ZYGADENUS. 



Stem pubescent (at least above), very v leafy 6. VERATRUM. 



Style 1, entire, or 3-lobed or 3-parted, or none; plants with bulbs (except no. 7). 

 Stems from a tunicated bulb or corm. 

 Flowers with bracts. 



Flowers in racemes or panicles. 



Perianth-segments united below into a tube. 



Flowers in a cluster on the ground ; anthers basifixed 7. LEUCOCRINUM. 



FloAvers borne on a more or less leafy stem. 



Perianth-segments ascending; anthers versatile 8. HESPEROCALLIS. 



Perianth-segments reflexed; anthers basifixed 9. ODONTOSTOMTM. 



Perianth-segments distinct, withering-persistent; leaves basal; anthers versatile. 

 Flowers in a raceme. 



Eaceme dense; perianth 2% to 5 lines long 10. SCHOENOLIRION. 



Eaceme loose; perianth about 1 inch long 11. CAMASSIA. 



Flowers in a panicle 12. CHLOROGALUM. 



Flowers in umbels or heads. 



Perianth-segments distinct or nearly so; anthers versatile. 

 Filaments not appendaged, often dilated at base. 



Umbel in the bud sheathed by a continuous spathe splitting into 2 or 3 



bracts ; bractlets none 13. ALLITM. 



Umbel in the bud coyered by 3 distinct bracts; pedicels with minute 



bractlets 14. MUILLA. 



Filaments arising from a cup-like or winged appendage 15. BLOOMERIA. 



Perianth-segments united below into a tube ; stamens with anthers 6 or 3 ; anthers 

 basifixed or versatile ....16. BRODIAEA. 



