LILY FAMILY 265 



Locs. Rosewood, Tehama Co., Jepson; Round Valley, Mendocino Co., Westerman; Kelsey- 

 ville, H. Irwin 30; Howell Mt., Jepson 546; Hood's Peak Range, Jepson; Kenwood, Sonoma 

 Co., F. T. Bioletti; Vaea Mts., Jepson 2182; San Pablo Creek, Jepson 3004 (gland darker 

 above the claw and bordered as in Z. venenosus) ; Berkeley Hills, Tracy 1790; Palo Alto, 

 C. F. Baker; Los Gatos, Seller 7287; Loma Prieta, Davy 659; Winchester, Riverside Co., 

 Hall 383. 



Var. minor Jepson. Plants 4 to 8 inches high; raceme simple, short, broad, with few 

 flowers. An early form near the coast. Mar. 



Locs. Taylor Mt., Sonoma Co., M. S. Baker 719; San Francisco, Jepson; Burlingame, 

 Inez Smith; Monterey, Jepson 2987; San Luis Obispo, Summers. 



Var. salsus Jepson n. var. Very stout, % to 1 foot high; basal leaves in a conspicuous 

 sheathing tuft; glands lighter in color. (Robustior, unc. 9-12 alta; folia basalia caespitosa 

 vaginalia manifesta; glandulae pallidae.) Alkaline flats, Vaeaville, Jepson (type). 



Refs. ZYGADENUS FREMONTII Wats. Bot. King 343 (1871); Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 122 

 (1901). Anticlea fremontii Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4:144 (1856), type loc. Oakland Hills, Bigelow. 

 Toxicoscordion fremontii Rydb. Bull. Torr. Club, 30:273 (1903). (Z. speciosus Dougl. ; 

 Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:177,' 1839, type from Cal., Douglas, is an earlier name than Anticlea 

 fremontii but its application is uncertain.) Var. MINOR Jepson, I.e. Z. chlorantlws var. minor 

 H. & A. Bot. Beech. 402 (1841), type from Cal., Dougl-as. Toxicoscordion fremontii var. minor 

 Gates, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 44:157 (1918). Var. SALSUS Jepson. 



5. Z. brevibracteatus Hall. Plants 15 to 22 inches high ; bulb round-ovoid, 

 1 to 114 inches broad ; basal leaves 6 to 8 inches long, !/4 inch broad, linear, some- 

 what revolute and falcate-curving; raceme loose, its pedicels % to 1^4 inches 

 long, widely or horizontally divaricate; supplementary basal racemes 1 or 2, 

 rigid, widely spreading; perianth-segments 2 to 3 lines long, distinctly short- 

 clawed, the outer rhomboidal-ovate, the inner a little narrower; gland green, 

 extending just above the claw, its lower margin bounded by a sharp low ridge ; 

 stamens % the length of segments ; capsule 7 to 8 lines long. 



Sandy mesas, western and southern borders of the Mohave Desert. 



Locs. Mt. Pinos, Hall 6533; Cajon Pass, Hall 6219; Hesperia, Jepson 6140; Barstow, 

 Jepson 5813; Shay's Well (nw. of Warren's Well), Jepson 5956. 



Refs. ZYGADENUS BREVIBRACTEATUS Hall, Univ. Cal. Pub. Bot. 6:165 (1915), type loc. 

 Cottomvood Sprs., Cottonwood Mts., Hall 6020. Z. fremontii var. brevibracteatus Jones, 

 Contrib. W. Bot. 12:78 (1908), type loe. Victorville. Toxicoscordion ~brevibracteatus Gates, 

 Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 44:158 (1918). 



6. VERATRUM L. FALSE HELLEBORE 



Stem tall and leafy from a short thick rootstock, bearing coarse fibrous roots. 

 Leaves broad, plaited, coarsely nerved. Stem and inflorescence pubescent. 

 Flowers polygamous, greenish or cream-color, in a terminal panicle. Perianth 

 of 6 distinct obovate-oblong segments, somewhat contracted at the base, adnate 

 to the base of the ovary. Stamens 6, opposite the perianth-segments and free 

 from them, shorter by half and recurving ; filaments subulate ; anthers with con- 

 fluent cells, cordate. Styles 3, persistent, mostly curved. Capsule 3-celled, 3- 

 lobed. About 10 species, northern hemisphere. (Latin vere, truly, and ater, 

 black, in reference to the color of the roots.) 



Ovary glabrous. 



Perianth segments not fringed; capsule oblong-ovoid, % to 1*4 inches long. 



Flowers dull white; common 1. V. calif ornicum. 



Flowers green ; rare 2. V. viride. 



Perianth segments deeply fringed; capsule depressed-globose with notched apex, much- 

 lobed laterally, 4 lines long 3. V. fimbriatum. 



Ovary densely woolly; perianth segments erose or lightly fringed 4. V. insolitum. 



1. V. californicum Durand. CORN LILY. Stem very stout and leafy, sug- 

 gesting a cornstalk, 3 to 5 or 6 feet high ; leaves ovate or elliptic-oblong, sheathing 

 at base, 6 to 12 inches long or the uppermost lanceolate and shorter; panicle 1 

 to liXj feet long, the lower portion often sterile; bracts mostly membranous; 

 pedicels 1 to 4 lines long ; flowers dull white, perianth-segments obovate, mostly 



