ORCHIDACEAE 327 



conditions during the reproductive phase are sufficiently alike to enable one species to have 

 a wide range. Hence we quote here: S. halophilum Greene, Pitt. 4:34 (1899), type loc. 

 Humboldt Wells, Nev.; Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, 26:450 (1899) ; 31:380 (1904). S. funereum 

 Bicknell, I.e. 387 (1904), type loc. Furnace Creek Canon, Funeral Mts., Coville & Funston 225; 

 spms. from Texas Spring, near Furnace Creek (Jepson 6872), have bracts with only 1 to 3 

 (or 4) flowers. 



2. S. calif ornicum Dry. GOLDEN-EYED GRASS. Steins unbranched, 4 to 12 

 (or 15) inches high, broadly winged, exceeding the leaves; bracts rather un- 

 equal, enclosing 3 to 7 flowers ; perianth bright yellow ; segments 4 to 6 lines long, 

 5 to 7-nerved, obtuse or acutish ; anthers versatile, I 1 /? lines long, about equaling 

 the filaments ; style cleft to below the middle ; capsule obovate-oblong, 4 lines long. 



Wet places, infrequent: cismontane Southern California, Sierra Nevada and 

 Coast Ranges. Northward to Oregon. Apr. 



Locs. Sugarloaf Mt., San Bernardino Co., Hall 7536; Middle Tule River, Purp'us 5237; 

 Junction Mdw., Kern Canon, Jepson 5017; Wawona, Congdon; Crystal Sprs., San Mateo Co., 

 Eastwood; Cliff House, San Francisco, Drew; Inverness, Jepson 8297; Eureka, Tracy 3247. 



Eefs. SISYEINCHIUM CALIFORNICUM Dryander ; Ait. f. Hort. Kew, ed. 2, 4:135 (1812); 

 Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 130 (1901). Marica calif ornica Ker, Bot. Mag. t. 983 (1807), type 

 loc. "Northwest Coast," Henzies. S. elmeri Greene, Pitt. 2:106 (1890), type loc. Lake 

 Eleanor, Tuolumne Co., Drew. Bermudiana calif ornica Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 308 (1894). 

 Eydastylus elmeri Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, 27:380 (1900). H. rivularis Bicknell, I.e. 381 

 (1900), type loc. Bubb's Creek, Fresno Co., Eastwood. 



3. S. grandiflorum Dougl. Scapes 6 to 12 inches high, bright green, ex- 

 ceeding the long-sheathing leaves ; spathe 1 to 4-flowered ; bracts very unequal, 

 the outer usually much exceeding the broadly campanulate flowers; perianth- 

 segments dark reddish-purple, rarely white, 6 to 10 lines long; filaments broad 

 at base, 3 to 4 lines long, united i/$ their length ; anthers versatile, 2 lines long ; 

 style 6 to 7 lines long, cleft at apex, the branches thread-like, 1 line long or less ; 

 capsule depressed-globose, 6 to 8 lines long. 



Moist places, hills and mountain slopes: Lassen and Modoc cos. westerly to 

 Humboldt Co. North to British Columbia and east to Idaho and Nevada. Mar.- 

 Apr. 



Locs. Milford, Lassen Co., M. S. Baker; Mt. Bidwell, Manning 82; Alturas, L. S. Smith 

 927; Lake City Pass, Modoc Co., E. M. Austin; Yreka, Butler 561, 646; Harris, Humboldt Co., 

 Ethel Tracy. Mosier, e. Oregon, Howell. 



Refs. SISYRINCHIUM GRANDIFLORUM Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1364 (1830), type loc. 

 great falls of the Columbia River, Douglas. Olsynium grandiflorum Rafin. New Fl. Am. 1:72 

 (1836). Olsynium douglasii Bicknell, 'Bull. Torr. Club 27:237 (1900). 



ORCHIDACEAE. ORCHID FAMILY 



Perennial herbs with corms, bulbs, tuberous roots or rootstocks and sheathing 

 leaves often reduced to scales: Flowers perfect, irregular, bracted. either solitary 

 or in spikes or racemes. Sepals 3, alike. Petals 3, 2 alike ; the third petal called 

 the "lip" commonly dissimilar in color, size and shape, often enlarged, sac-like 

 or spurred, in our genera most frequently brought into an inferior position (i.e., 

 on the lower side of the flower), by twisting of the ovary. Filaments united 

 with the single style forming a column; perfect anther 1 (in Cypripedium 2), 

 situated on the apex of the column and just above or behind the stigma, which 

 is a viscid surface facing the lip. Pollen agglutinated into 2 to 8 pear-shaped 

 masses. Ovary inferior, commonly long and twisted, 1-celled. Fruit a 3-valved 

 capsule. Seeds innumerable, minute. About 410 genera and 6500 species, all 

 zones but abundant only in the tropics ; the largest order of Monocotyledons and 

 the third largest order of flowering plants. 



Bibliog. Nuttall, T., Remarks on the Species of Corallorhiza Indigenous to the U. S. 

 (Jour. Aead. Phila. 3:135-139, 1823). Wiegand, K., Revision of the Genus Listera (Bull. 

 Torr. Club 26:157-171, pis. 356, 357, 1899). Rydberg, P. A., Am. Species of Limnorchis 

 and Piperia north of Mexico (Bull. Torr. Club 28:605-643, figs. 1:34, 1901). Ames, Oakes, 

 American Species of Spiranthes (Orchidaceae, 1:113-154, 1905), The Genus Habenaria in 

 North America (l.c. 4:1-288, pis. 60-79, 1910). Pfitzer, E., Cypripedium (Engler, Pflzr. 

 450:28-42 (1903). 



