334 ORCHIDACEAE 



Moist stream banks : mountains throughout California. North to Washington 

 and east to Colorado and Texas. May. 



Locs. Southern California: Noble Mine, San Diego Co., Chandler 5477; Strawberry 

 Valley, San Jaeinto Mts., Hall 2370 ; Little Morongo Creek, ace. Parish ; San Antonio Canon, 

 Peirson 13; Los Angeles, G. S. Towne; Mt. Pinos, Hall 6677. Coast Ranges: Lucia, Santa 

 Lucia Mts., Jepson 1673; Mt. Diablo, C. F. Saunders; Sonoma Co., Bioletti; Grouse Creek, 

 Humboldt Co., Cliesnut $ Drew; Siskiyou Co., C. B. Bradley. Sierra Nevada: South Fork 

 Kaweah River, Culbertson 4286; Eagle Peak, Mariposa Co., Chesnut # Drew; Yosemite Valley, 

 Jepson; Hetch-Hetchy, Drew; Douglas Flat, Tuolumne Co., A. L. Grant 902; Clover Creek, 

 Plumas Co., Jepson 8025. Desert ranges: Panamint Mts., Jepson 7098; "White Mts., Jepson 

 7214. 



Refs. EPIPACTIS GIGANTEA Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:202, t. 202 (1839), type Iocs. 

 Blue and Rocky mountains, Douglas; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 132 (1901). Helleborine 

 gigantea Druce, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 36:547 (1909). Serapias gigantea A. A. Eaton, Proc. 

 Biol. Soc. Wash. 21:67 (1908). 



7. LISTERA R. Br. TWAYBLADE 



Stem low, bearing a pair of broad sessile opposite leaves at the middle, and 

 arising from a cluster of fibrous creeping roots. Flowers small and greenish, in 

 a loose raceme. Perianth spreading or reflexed; sepals and petals similar; lip 

 free, longer than the sepals, flat and dilated, more or less deeply bifid. Column 

 free, bearing the ovate anther naked (without lid) at the back of the summit. 

 Pollen-masses 2, powdery, united to a very minute gland upon the rounded entire 

 beak of the stigma. Capsule Ovoid. Species 12, frigid and north temperate 

 zones. (Martin Lister, 1638-1711, a celebrated English naturalist.) 

 Leaves orbicular or ovate; raceme pubescent. 



Lip 4 to 5 lines long, distinctly obtuse-lobed at apex, clawed at base....l. L. convallarioides. 



Lip 1% to 2 lines long, apex rounded with a shallow notch bearing an inconspicuous tooth, 



base sessile with a short subulate tooth on each side 2. L. caurina. 



Leaves deltoid-cordate; raceme glabrous; lip sharply cleft to the middle into 2 attenuate 

 lobes 3. L. cordata. 



1. L. convallarioides Torr. Stem slender, 14 to 1 foot high, pubescent above 

 the leaves; leaves orbicular to broadly ovate, often abruptly acute or obtuse at 

 apex, 1 to 3 inches broad ; flowers 6 to 12, greenish, on short pedicels ; sepals and 

 petals linear to linear-lanceolate, about 2 lines long ; lip narrowly cuneate-obovate, 

 4 to 5 lines long, distinctly 2-lobed at the dilated apex, toothed on each side at 

 base just above the short but slender claw, the basal papillae very minute or 

 none ; capsule 4 lines long. 



Moist shaded places in the mountains, 3500 to 6000 feet : North Coast Ranges 

 from Mendocino Co. to Siskiyou Co.; Sierra Nevada from Tuolumne Co. to 

 Shasta Co. ; San Jaeinto Mts. North to Alaska, east to Newfoundland. 



Locs. Mt. Sanhedrin, Hall 9487; Smith Creek, Trinity Co., Yates 548; Coffee Creek, 

 Salmon Mts., Hall 8533; Sisson, Jepson; Colby, Butte Co., B. M. Austin 839; Lassen Creek, 

 E. M. Austin 215; Sierra Co., Lemmon 256; Truckee River, Sonne; Lake Tahoe, Blasdale; 

 Carson Pass to Calaveras Big Trees, Brewer 2096; Brightman's Flat, Tuolumne Co., A. L. 

 Grant; Snow Creek, Fresno Co., A. L. Grant; Giant Forest, Newlon; Snow Creek, Mt. San 

 Jaeinto, Hall 2534. 



Refs. LISTERA CONVALLARIOIDES Torr. Fl. N. U. S. 320 (1826). Epipactis conraUarioides 

 Swartz. Vet. Acad. Handl. Stock. 21:232 (1800), type loc. "E. terra Nova Amer. sept." 

 Ophrys convallarioides Wight, Bull. Torr. Club 32:380 (1905). 



2. L. caurina Piper. Stem very slender, 4 to 6 inches high, pubescent above 

 the leaves; leaves ovate, acute or obtuse, sessile by a clasping base, 1 to l 1 /^ inches 

 long ; bracts ovate, acute, % the length of the pedicels ; flowers 5 to 15, greenish, 

 very small, on pedicels 2 to 3 lines long; sepals and petals lanceolate to linear- 

 lanceolate, 1 to l 1 /^ lines long, spreading; lip l 1 /^ to 2 lines long, cuneate, with 

 an inconspicuous tooth in the shallow notch at the rounded apex and a short 

 subulate tooth on each side at the base, a papilla at the base of each tooth ; columi 

 short, not stout ; capsule 3 lines long. 



Damp woods, high mountains: Humboldt Co. Oregon to Idaho and Alaska. 





