ORCHID FAMILY - 335 



Loc. Hupa Mt., Davy 5648. 



Eefs. LISTERA CAURINA Piper, Erythea 6:32 (1898), type loc. Henderson, Lane Co., Ore., 

 Piper. Ophrys caurina Eydb. Bull. Torr. Club 32:610 (1905). 



3. L. cordata R. Br. Stem slender, 2 to 8 inches high ; leaves deltoid-cordate, 

 i^> to li/4 inches broad, nmcronate ; raceme glabrous ; flowers 6 to 24, purplish 

 or yellowish ; sepals ovate, about 1 line long ; petals broadly oblong ; lip narrow, 

 twice the length of the petals, cleft to the middle into two attenuate lobes, and 

 bearing an orbicular ridge at its base and a subulate basal tooth on each side; 

 column very short ; capsule 2 lines long. 



Humboldt Co. North to Alaska and across the continent. Also in Europe 

 and Asia. 



Loc. Buck Mt., near Van Duzen River, Tracy 2723. 



Eefs. LISTERA CORDATA E. Br. ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5:201 (1813). Ophrys cordata L. 

 Sp. PI. 2:946 (1753), type European. 



8. CEPHALANTHERA Rich. 



Stem from a creeping rootstock, bearing medium-sized flowers in a bracted 

 spike. Leaves in ours reduced to scarious sheaths. Sepals and petals nearly 

 equal, connivent, the latter somewhat united and galeate, not gibbous at base. 

 Lip free, concave, contracted and somewhat jointed in the middle. Column 

 slender, elongated. Anther shortly stipitate, so as to be nearly or quite above 

 the level of the top of the stigma. Pollen-masses not connected nor attached to 

 a gland. Stigma wholly beakless. Species 10, north temperate zone; northern 

 Africa. (Greek cephale, head, and anthera, anther.) 



1. C. austinae Heller. PHANTOM ORCHIS. Symbiotic saprophyte, the whole 

 plant white, 10 to 20 inches high ; rootstock upright with mycorhizal rootlets ; 

 leaves 3 to 6, 1 to 2 inches long ; flowers many to numerous ; sepals and petals 

 similar, oblong-lanceolate, l / 2 to % inch long; lip shorter, its middle lobe hinged, 

 3 to 5-nerved within, and with upturned sides, the lateral lobes (with the column) 

 forming a saccate base ; column 2 lines long, about twice longer than the anther. 



Dense mountain forests, Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada northward. Oregon. 

 Very rare. 



Locs. Santa Lucia Mts., Jepson; Mt. Sanhedrin, Hall 9489; Trinity Summit, Jepson 2027; 

 Salmon Summit, TV. Siskiyou Co., Jepson 2090; Mt. Shasta, Hall $ Baboock 4079; Strawberry, 

 Tuolumne Co., Jepson 6467; Yankee Hill, Columbia, A. L. Grant 1224; Little Yosemite Valley, 

 Hall 9045; Snow Creek, Fresno Co., A. L. Grant. 



Eefs. CEPHALANTHERA AUSTINAE Heller, Cat. N". Am. PI. ed. 2, 4 (1900). Chlorea austinae 

 Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12:83 (1876), type loc., Quiney, Plumas Co., E. M. Austin. Serapias 

 austinae A. A. Eaton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21:66 (1908). Cephalanthera oregana Eeich. 

 f.. Liunaea 41:53 (1877), type loc. Willamette Valley, Ore., Nuttall; MacDougal, Bull. Torr. 

 Club 23:513-518, pi. 367 (1899). 



9. CORALLORRHIZA R. Br. CORAL-ROOT 



Brownish or yellowish saprophytes or root-parasites, destitute of green her- 

 bage, and with branching toothed coral-like roots. Stems scape-like, the leaves 

 reduced to scales, and bearing the flowers in a terminal raceme. Perianth- 

 segments oblong or lanceolate, nearly alike, ours 3-nerved, gibbous at base over 

 the ovary, or the lateral sepals united at base with the foot of the column, forming 

 a short spur which is adnate to the summit of the ovary. Lip 1 to 3-ridged. 

 Column 2-edged, slightly incurved. Anther terminal, opening by a lid. Pollen 

 masses 4, soft-waxy. Capsules reflexed. Species 12, north temperate zone. 

 (Greek korallion, coral, and rhiza, root.) 



Perianth 3 to 4 lines long, the lateral sepals with a spur at base. 



Spur wholly attached to the ovary; lip broad, 3-lobed, spotted 1. C. maculata. 



Spur free for its apical half; lip oblong, entire, or toothed at base, dark red 



2. C. mertensiana. 

 Perianth 6 to 8 lines long, gibbous at base; spur none; lip entire, purple-veined....3. C. striata. 



