OAK FAMILY 355 



ing shrub 4 to 18 feet high; leaves pinnately parted to middle, the lobes entire 

 and acute, or broad and again lobed, finely pubescent or at length subglabrous, 

 sometimes nearly felt-like below, often lustrous green above; cups shallow, 

 7 to 10 lines broad and 3 to 4 lines deep ; the scales tuberculate ; nuts oval, 

 % to 1% inches long and % to 1 inch broad. High montane, Klamath Range 

 (AV.L.J. no. 2884), Marble Mt. (no. 2845), eastward to "six miles west of Mt. 

 Shasta" (type loc. "W. H. Brewer), south to the Trinity Mts. and perhaps the 

 Yollo Bolly Range. 



Refs. QUERCUS GARRYANA Douglas in Hooker, Fl. Bor. Am. vol. 2, p. 159 (1853), type loc. 

 Columbia River, Douglas; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. p. 142 (1901). Q. douglasii Bentliam, 

 PI. Hartw. p. 337 (1857), not of Hook. & Arn. teste specimen in Kew. Hb.(W.L.J.). Q. 

 oerstediana Greene, West Am. Oaks, p. 19, pi. 10 (1889). Q. oerstediana R. Br. Campst, Ann. 

 & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. 7, p. 250 (1871) doubtless belongs here; the type was collected 

 in Cafion Creek, Siskiyou Mts., 2,500 to 4,000 feet ; described as ' ' being always a shrub. ' ' 

 Q. breweri Engelmann in Bot. Cal. vol. 2, p. 96 (1880). 



3. Q. douglasii H. & A. BLUE OAK. Tree commonly 20 to 60 feet high, 

 typically with a rounded crown; trunk y 2 to 2 (or sometimes 4) feet in 

 diameter; bark white, shallowly checked into small thin plates, only slightly 

 roughened but with the characteristic roughness extending up the limbs well 

 onto the branches ; leaves minutely pubescent, bluish green above, pale beneath, 

 1 to 3 inches long, % to 2% inches broad, mostly oblong to obovate, entire, or 

 coarsely and often unequally few-toothed, or shallowly lobed; staminate 

 catkins about 1 inch long; calyx yellow or green, with laciniately cleft seg- 

 ments and about 9 stamens ; acorns ripe in first autumn ; cup 4 to 6 lines broad, 

 of less diameter than the nut and very shallow, the scales with small wart- 

 like processes; nut % to 1% inches long, 6 to 10 lines in diameter, dark or 

 light brown, oval in outline but variable, often much swollen just below or at 

 the middle or only on one side, or again narrow and tapering to apex. 



Dry or rocky foothills: Sierra Nevada between 500 and 2,500 feet; inner 

 North Coast Ranges from the Yaca Mts. north to Redding and Trinity; Napa 

 and Mt. Hood ranges north to Ukiah and Round Valley, but not in the high 

 ranges from Willits north to the Siskiyous; inner South Coast Ranges from 

 Mt. Diablo to Tehachapi, west to the San Antonio and Nacimiento river valleys 

 (where very abundant) and south to the Sierra Liebre and San Fernando 

 Valley (the southern outposts). Although constitutionally adapted to the 

 arid foothills the stand is very open or scattered; it occurs by itself over long 

 stretches of country or as an associate of the Digger Pine or Interior Live 

 Oak. Also called Jack Oak, Post Oak, Rock Oak, Iron Oak, and Douglas Oak. 

 Wood inferior, although some trees furnish good timber. 



Refs. QUERCUS DOUGLASII Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechey, p. 391 (1841), type loc. probably 

 South Coast Ranges, first collected by Douglas; Hooker, Icon. vol. 4, t. 382, 383 (1841) ; Jepson, 

 Fl. W. Mid. Cal. p. 142 (1901). 



4. Q. engelmannii Greene. MESA OAK. Spreading tree 15 to 40 feet high, 

 with trunk i/ 2 to 3 feet in diameter; leaves blue-green, oblong, obtuse, entire 

 or sometimes toothed, % to 3 inches long, but most commonly 1*4 to 1% inches 

 long, % to 1 inch wide ; acorns 1 or 2 in a place, ripe in first autumn ; cup % 

 inch broad, shallow or sometimes bowl-shaped, with warty scales, enclosing 

 nearly i/o the nut which is subcylindric, % inch long and about as thick, 

 or 1 inch long, relatively less thick and sometimes acute. 



Low hills of San Diego Co., 15 or 20 miles from the sea (where it is abund- 

 ant) to Oak Knoll (near Los Angeles) and San Gabriel. It ranges south into 



