OAK FAMILY 357 



at least minutely so in age; leaves oval, dentate with equal or nearly equal 

 prickly teeth, the upper surface convex with more or less revolute margin, 

 1 to 1% inches long; cup 8 to 9 lines broad, 4 to 5 lines deep, the scales 

 strongly tuberculate ; nut short thick cylindric, obtuse, 7 to 9 lines long. 

 (Frutex humilis extendens, ramis rigidis, 2 ad 5 ped. alta; folia et ramula 

 juniora dense tomentulenta ; folia ovala, dentibus muricatis asqualibus, supra 

 convexa, margine plus vel minus revoluto; cupula poculiforma, 8 ad 9 lin. in 

 diametro, 4 ad 5 lin. in alto, squamis tuberculatis ; glans cylindrica brevis 

 crassa obtusa, 7 ad 9 lin. longa). 



San Carlos Range, 2,500 to 5,000 feet, W.L.J. no. 2719, May, 1907; S. C. 

 Lillis, Oct., 1908. Forms extensive pure thickets on the higher slopes and 

 summits. Quercus dumosa, which is also abundant in the same region but 

 chiefly at lower altitudes, has lost by the end of April all its old leaves and in 

 early May bears only leaves of the new growth. Quercus durata, at that 

 time, still retains its old leaves and shows no sign of new growth. Its leaves 

 are so hardened that even on exposed slopes the foliage seems insensible to 

 the extremes of both seasons ; some leaves persist at least two years. 



Eefs. QUERCUS DURATA Jepson. Probably Q. dumosa var. bullata Engelmann, Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad. vol. 3, p. 393 (1877) as to New Idria and perhaps as to other types cited. 



7. Q. sadleriana R. Br. Campst. DEER OAK. Bush, mostly 2 or 3 but even 

 8 feet high, with several slender stems from the base ; leaves persistent through 

 the winter and until after the new leaves appear in the next summer, oblong- 

 ovate to broadly ovate. 3 to 4^ inches long, the lateral nerves regular and 

 parallel, prominent on the under surface and ending in the teeth of the margin; 

 stipules oblanceolate. ^ to % inch long, fur-like on account of their dense 

 covering of rusty hairs and persisting as long or even longer than the leaves; 

 staminate catkins simple (rarely in clusters of 2 or 3 on a common peduncle), 

 1 to 2 inches long ; calyx-border hairy and much cleft ; stamens varying from 

 5 to 17, even on one bush ; pistillate flowers solitary in the upper axils of the 

 shoot; acorns maturing in first autumn; cup cup-shaped, thin; nut oval, about 

 % inch long. 



High mountains from Trinity Summit, Humboldt Co. (W.L.J. no. 2033), to 

 Coos Co., Oregon, forming extensive pure colonies on Marble Mt., Klamath 

 Range and the Siskiyous. Shade tolerant and very common in the White 

 Fir forests. Browse shrub, the foliage greedily favored by mules; acorns 

 sweet and palatable, and eaten by deer and bear, whence the folk names 

 Deer Oak and Bear Oak. Most restricted in range of any Californian oak. 



Eefs. QUERCUS SADLERIAXA E. Br. Campst., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. 7, p. 249 

 (1871). Type loc. Crescent City trail between Sailors' Diggings in Oregon and Smith Eiver 

 in California, Robert Brown, Sept., 1865. First collected by John Jeffrey in southern Oregon, 

 1852-3 (teste spm. in Herb. Eoyal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, W. L. J.). 



8. Q. tomentella Engelm. ISLAND OAK. Round-headed tree 25 to 40 feet 

 high; leaves elliptic to oblong, tomentose or glabrate and light green above 

 in age, strongly parallel-nerved beneath, 2 to 3% inches long; cup 1 to iy 2 

 inches wide, ^ to % inch deep, its scales imbedded in a dense tomentum 

 but the tips free ; nut sub globose, bluntish, 1 inch long. 



Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, Santa Catalina and San Clemente islands of the 

 Santa Barbara group ; Guadaloupe Island (type loc.). Strictly insular. Sub- 

 species of the next. 



Eefs. QUERCUS TOMEXTELLA Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. vol. 3, p. 393 (1877), in 

 Bot. Cal. vol. 2, p. 97 (1880); Sargent, Silva N. Am., vol. 8, p. 109, t. 402 (1895). 



