360 FAGACEAE 



i 



or only sub-acute, commonly entire, pale green above, often tan-color beneath, 

 mostly % to l l /s inches long or less; stamens 6 to 11; acorns small; cup 

 broadly turbinate or shallowly bowl-shaped, thinnish, not fulvous-tomentose 

 but merely pubescent, 3 to 4 lines broad; nut globose-ovate, rather abruptly 

 drawn down to a sharp point, 4 to 6 lines long, 4 to 5 lines broad. 



Sierra Nevada, exposed summits and slopes 6,000 to 9,000 feet; high North 

 Coast Ranges from the Trinity Mts. northwesterly to the Klamath Range, 

 Marble Mt. and the Siskiyous. Commonly forming extensive thickets and 

 valuable as a protective cover against destructive runoff. 



Kefs. QUERCUS VACCINIFOLIA Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. vol. 1, p. 96 (1855) ; Merriam, Biol. 

 Sur. Mt. Shasta, p. 142 (1899). Q. chrysolepis var. vaccinifolia Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis 

 Acad. vol. 3, p. 393 (1877), in Bot. Cal. vol. 2, p. 97 (1880). Commonly regarded as a variety 

 of the preceding species but well-enough denned geographically and taxonomically to be taken 

 as a convenient subspecies. 



11. Q. palmeri Engelm. PALMER OAK. Rigidly branched shrub 5 to 15 

 feet high; leaves roundish ovate to orbicular, wavy-spinose, undulate, cori- 

 aceous and stiff, olivaceous above, pale or whitish beneath, y 2 to l 1 /^ inches 

 long, when young sparingly pubescent on the upper surface and with a 

 dense but thin yellowish or later white felt on the lower surface ; cup thinnish, 

 subturbinate but shallow, rusty on outside, densely silky on inside, 5 to 7 

 lines broad, 3 to 5 lines deep ; nut ovate, 1 inch long, the shell densely woolly 

 within; cotyledons purple, separable. 



San Jacinto Range (Vande venters Ranch) to San Diego Co. (Larkens Sta- 

 tion) and southward a short distance over the border of Lower California. 

 A subspecies of Q. chrysolepis. 



Kefs. QUERCUS PALMERI Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. vol. 3, p. 393 (1877) ; type loe. 

 "mountains 80 miles east of San Diego," Dr. Edw. Palmer; Bot. Cal. vol. 2, p. 97 (1880). 

 Q. chrysolepis var. palmeri Engelmann, Bot. Cal. 1. c. as synonym. 



12. Q. agrifolia Nee. COAST LIVE OAK. Low broad trees, usually 20 to 

 35 feet high, but even 60 or 70 feet high, the short trunk 1 to 4 feet in diam- 

 eter, parting into erect limbs or more commonly into crooked widely spreading 

 branches whose extremities often touch or even trail the ground ; bark smooth 

 and beech-like, or sometimes fissured, dark brown or gray on the surface, red- 

 dish or pink inside, very brittle when fresh, 1 to 2*4 inches thick; leaves 

 roundish, elliptic, sometimes ovate or oblong, usually with spine-tipped teeth 

 or entire, commonly 1 or 2 inches long but varying from ~y 2 to 4 inches, 

 usually convex above; staminate catkins 1 to iy 2 inches long, deep red; sta- 

 mens 4 to 8; pistillate flowers with acorns 1 in a place or in clusters of 2 to 

 5, maturing in the first autumn; cup broadly turbinate, 4 to 7 lines deep, 

 embracing the base of the nut; nut usually slender ovate, 1 to iy 2 inches long, 

 5 to 7 lines thick. 



Valleys and hill slopes: North Coast Ranges from Cloverdale, Napa Valley 

 and Suisun Valley (W.L.J. no. 3075) to Marin Co.; Oakland Hills and Mt. 

 Diablo through all the South Coast Ranges to Lower California; in Southern 

 California from the coast east to the San Jacinto Range at 4,000 feet. Abund- 

 ant in the Santa Clara, Gilroy, Salinas and numerous other Coast Range 

 valleys southward, often growing by itself and forming beautiful open groves 

 on the valley floors. "Wood used for fuel and the bark for tanning. 



Kefs. QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA Ne4, An. Cien. Nat. vol. 3, p. 271 (1801), type loe. Monterey; 

 Greene, Erythea, vol. 2, p. 44 (1894); Jepson, Erythea, vol. 7, p. 131 (1899), Fl. W. Mid. 

 Cal. p. 143 (1901). 



