362 



FAGACEAE 



rounded at apex, 1 to P/4 inches long and % inch broad, covered at first with 

 a fine fuzz and deeply set in a brown cup. 



Valleys, mountain ridges and swales: Sierra Nevada, chiefly between 1,500 

 and 4,500 feet at the north and 3,500 to 6,500 feet at the south, either as 

 scattered trees or in considerable groves near the lower limits of Yellow Pine ; 

 Coast Ranges, widely distributed both in the foothills and higher mountains, 

 associated with Madroiia, Blue Oak, Oregon Oak, Yellow Pine or Tan Oak, 

 but not found in the Redwood Belt; Southern California, on all the higher 

 ranges as far as the Cuyamaca Mts. ; extends north to central Oregon. Ex- 

 treme altitudinal range (in central California) 200 to 8,000 feet. Next to 

 Maul Oak it is more widely distributed than any other oak in the State. It 

 attains its best development in rich deep soil of ridge summits of central and 

 eastern Mendocino and Humboldt cos., where truly splendid groves are found. 

 Near Saratoga, Santa Clara Co., is a locally famous individual, almost perfectly 

 symmetrical, 88 feet tall, the crown with a spread of about 90 feet, its branches 

 sweeping nearly to the ground throughout its circumference ; the trunk at 4 feet 

 from the ground is 5 feet in diameter. Wood of Black Oak is pale red, fine- 

 grained, brittle. Also called Kellogg Oak. 



Eefs. QUERCUS KELLOGGII Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. vol. 6, pp. 28, 89, fig. 6 (1857). Q. 

 tinctoria var. calif ornica Torrey, Pac. E. Eep. vol. 4, pt. 5, p. 138 (1856). Q. calif ornica 

 Cooper, Smithsonian Eep. 1858, p. 261 (1859); Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. p. 144 (1901). 



Q. MOREHUS Kellogg. Tree 25 to 50 feet high; leaves oblong to elliptic, 2 l /2 

 to 4 inches long, sinuately but rather shallowly lobed, the lobes pointing up- 

 ward and spinose-tipped ; cups similar to those of Q. wislizenii or more cup- 

 shaped; nuts cylindric, about 1 inch long, 6 or 7 lines thick, minutely pubes- 

 cent. Occasional throughout the Sierra Nevada, 2,500 to 5,000 feet; Napa* 

 Range ; Mayacamas Range ; seaward Coast Range from Walker Valley to Mt. 

 Tamalpais. Here considered as a hybrid between Q. kelloggii and Q. wislizenii. 

 (Q. morehus Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. vol. 2. p. 36, 1863; Greene, West Am. 

 Oaks, pp. 3, 79, t. 2, 1889; Sudworth, Trees Pac. Slope, p. 311, 1908). 



2. PASANIA Miq. TAN OAK. 



Trees or shrubs with evergreen leaves and erect catkins. Staminate flowers 

 one in a place, densely disposed in elongated simple erect catkins ; stamens 

 8 to 10, four times as long as the 5-parted calyx. Pistillate flowers 1 in an 

 involucre, the involucres few at the base of some of the staminate catkins; 

 calyx often with rudimentary stamens; ovary 3-celled. Fruit an acorn, the 

 cup with slender spreading scales. Pasania (native name of one of the species 

 in Java), a genus equally related to Quercus (the oaks) and Castanea (the 

 chestnuts), is represented by one species in California and Oregon and by 

 nearly one hundred in southern Asia and the Malay Archipelago. Both 

 Quercus and Castanea are ancient types geologically and Pasania is of great 

 interest as a connecting genus which has also survived to the present day. 



1. P. densiflora Oerst. TAN OAK. Forest tree commonly 40 to 100 but even 

 150 feet high, the trunk 1 to 4 feet in diameter, clear of branches for 15 to 70 

 feet and running through to the summit of the cone-like crown ; bark on young 

 trunks white-mottled, on old trunks brown, red inside, smoothish on the sur- 

 face or roughly checked into small plates; leaves oblong to elliptic-oblong, 

 2 to 5 inches long, 1 to 2 inches wide, densely whitish, tomentose when young, 

 the lateral nerves parallel, very conspicuous on the under side and ending in 



