364 FAGACEAE 



America and about 25 in southeastern Asia. (Greek kastanea, chestnut, and 

 opsis, resemblance.) 



1. C. chrysophylla A. DC. GIANT CHINQUAPIN. Singular forest tree 15 

 to 115 feet high, the unbranched shaft clear of branches for about one-half 

 its height; branches short, forming a narrow crown rounded at summit or in 

 age more or less broken; trunk 2 to 6 feet in diameter; bark fibrous, 3 inches 

 thick, reddish in color but brown or dull gray on the surface and separated 

 by deep furrows into heavy rounded ridges which are sparingly confluent; 

 leaves oblong, tapering to base and also to the apex (often abruptly long- 

 pointed), entire, dark green on the upper surface, at first golden with a fine 

 tomentum below, later light olive-yellow, 2y 2 to 6 inches long, % to 1% 

 inches wide, nerves straightish, forking well inside the margin ; catkins in more 

 or less panicled clusters at the ends of the branches; staminate catkins simple 

 or branching. 1 to 4 inches long, the flowers in clusters of 3 to 5, subtended 

 by minute bracts; stamens 6 to 10, much surpassing the calyx; pistillate 

 flowers 1 to 3 in an involucre, the involucres borne in shorter catkins or some- 

 times at the base of the staminate catkin; burs spiny, chestnut-like, irregu- 

 larly 4-valved, containing 1 or sometimes 2 subtriangular nuts 4 or 5 lines 

 long with hard shell and sweet kernel. 



Ridges in the Redwood Belt of Mendocino and Humboldt cos. and far 

 northward to the Coast Ranges and Cascades of Oregon and Washington. 

 Attains its greatest size in central and southern Mendocino (Willits, W.L.J. 

 no. 2412, Sherwood, no. 2195), where trees 70 to 115 feet high and 2 to 6 feet 

 in diameter are scattered at rather long intervals through the forest. 



Var. minor A. DC. GOLDEN 'CHINQUAPIN. Shrub 2 to 15 feet high ; leaves 

 2 to 3 inches long, very golden beneath, often trough-shaped above; catkins 

 profuse. Monterey (W.L.J. no. 2992), Santa Cruz Mts. (type loc.), Mt. Tam- 

 alpais, Mendocino White Plains and northward to the south fork of the Salmon 

 River, passing into the species. 



Kefs. CASTANOPSIS CHRYSOPHYLLA A. DeCandolle in Seeman's Jour. Bot. vol. 1, p. 182 

 (1863), Prodr. vol. 16, pt. 2, p. 109 (1864) ; Watson, Bot. Cal. vol. 2, p. 100 (1880) in part; 

 Sargent, Silva N. Am. vol. 9, p. 3 (1896) in part. Castanea chrysophylla Douglas, in Hook. 

 Fl. Bor. Am. vol. 2, p. 159 (1853), Comp. Bot. Mag. vol. 2, p. 127 (1836), type loc. Oregon 

 Cascades near Grand Eapids of the Columbia Biver, Douglas; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 

 p. 145 (1901) in part. Var. MINOR Bentham, PI. Hartw. p. 337 (1857); DeCandolle sub 

 Castanopsis chrysophylla, Prodr. vol. 16, pt. 2, p. 110 (1864). 



2. C. sempervirens Dudley. BUSH CHINQUAPIN. Spreading shrub 1 to 8 

 feet high with smooth brown bark; leaves oblong, acutish at base, acute or 

 obtuse at apex, or sometimes tapering upwards from near the base and there- 

 fore lanceolate-oblong, 1% to 3 inches long and 5 to 11 lines broad; catkins 

 simple, 5 to 20 in a rather dense terminal cluster, 1 to 1% inches long, the 

 upper with pistillate flowers at the base ; stamens varying from 10 to 17, rarely 

 as few as 8 ; styles 3, light brown, clavate. 



High rocky or gravelly mountain summits or slopes: Sierra Nevada, chiefly 

 between 3,000 and 6,000 feet; Coast Ranges, 1,500 to 4,000 feet, as on the 

 Vaca Mts., Mt. St. Helena, Oakland Hills, Mt. Diablo and Santa Lucia Mts.; 

 Southern California, abundant on Sierra Madre, San Bernardino and San 

 Jacinto ranges, 8,500 to 10,000 feet. 



Kefs. CASTANOPSIS SEMPERVIRENS Dudley in Merriam, Biol. Sur. Mt. Shasta, p. 142 (1899). 

 Castanea sempervirens Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. vol. 1, p. 71 (1855), type loe. vicinity of 

 Mariposa, Col. L. Eansom. C. chrysophylla Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. p. 145 (1901) in great 

 part. 



