JUGLANDACEAE 365 



JUGLANDACEAE. WALNUT FAMILY. 



Deciduous trees with alternate pinnate leaves and no stipules. Stamens 

 and pistils in different flowers on the same tree, both sorts without petals. 

 Starninate flowers borne in lateral pendulous catkins on last season's wood. 

 Pistillate flowers terminal on the new wood, 1 to several in a cluster. Ovary 

 inferior ; styles 2, stigmatic along the inside. Fruit an incompletely partitioned 

 nut containing a single oily seed and covered by a green and fleshy or, when 

 fully ripe, a dry brown or black husk. Six genera, widely distributed. The 

 genus Carya of the Eastern United States is well represented by the hickories, 

 pignuts and pecans, some of which are cultivated in California. 



1. JUGLANS L. WALNUT. 



Bark strong-scented. Branchlets hollow, divided into little chambers by 

 pithy partitions. Buds nearly naked. Staminate flower with an irregularly 

 3 to 6-lobed calyx and numerous stamens. Pistillate flower with a 4-lobed 

 calyx adherent to the ovary. Seed so lobed as to fit the irregularities of the 

 nut. Ten species widely distributed. Four species in the United States, two 

 in the east, a third, J. rupestris Engelm., occurs from Texas to Arizona. J. 

 regia L., Persian or English Walnut, is extensively cultivated in California. 

 (Name from Jovis and glans, the nut of Jove.) 



1. J. californica Wats. CALIFORNIA WALNUT. Tree, or sometimes a small 

 shrub, 10 to 50 feet high, the trunk with roughish nearly black bark; leaves 

 pinnately compound, 6 to 13 inches long; leaflets 11 to 19, oblong-lanceolate, 

 serrate, 1% to 4 inches long; staminate catkins 2 to 4 inches long, each 

 flower with 20 to 26 stamens ; fruit globose, % to 1^4 inches in diameter ; nut 

 hard, covered with a dry brown or in age black husk which does not separate 

 from the shell or only in an irregular or partial manner, almost smooth, but 

 marked with a few shallow longitudinal grooves. 



Dry hillsides and valley washes : Santa Barbara National Forest, Ojai 

 Valley to canon south of Saugus, Newberry Park and Santa Monica, thence 

 along the Sierra Madre and San Bernardino foothills as far east as San Ber- 

 nardino and south to the Brea Caiion in the Sierra Santa Ana (southernmost 

 locality). The trunk commonly branches near or at the ground and the in- 

 dividuals assume a shrub-like habit; even though they may grow to very 

 considerable size the rounded shrub-like habit generally persists. Used with 

 us as a stock graft for the horticultural propagation of the English Walnut. 



Var. hindsii Jepson. Tree 40 to 75 feet high; trunk straight without 

 branches up to 10 to 25 feet, 1 to 5 feet in diameter; leaflets mostly lanceolate 

 and acuminate, occasionally oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 3 inches long, 14 to 1 inch 

 wide; fruit 1*4 to 2 inches in diameter. (Arbor 40 ad 75 ped. alta ; truncus 

 rectus sine ramis usque ad 10-25 ped., 1 ad 5 ped. in diametro; foliola pler- 

 umque lanceolata et acuminata, interdum oblongo-lanceolata, 2 ad 3 poll, 

 longa, % ad 1 poll, lata; fructus 1*4 ad 2 poll, in diametro). Walnut Creek 

 and Lafayette Creek, Contra Costa Co. ; Lower Sacramento River near Walnut 

 Grove; Napa Range, east slope near Wooden Valley. These northern trees 

 were introduced by the native tribes in trading with the Indians of Southern 

 California and are invariably found about ancient village sites. 



Refs. JUGLANS CALIFORNICA Watson, Proe. Am. Acad. vol. 10, p. 349 (1875) ; "VVatsou, Bot. 

 Cal. vol. 2, p. 93 (1880), as to California trees; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. p. 146 (1901), Bull. 

 S. Cal. Acad. vol. 7, p. 23 (1908). J. rupestris Torrey, Bot. Hex. Bound, p. 205 (1859), 

 in part; Parish, Zoe, vol. 4, p. 345 (1894). 



