512 



CERATOPHYLLACEAE 



and eventually deciduous from it; corolla % to l 1 /^ inches in diameter; blade 

 of petals obovate, black-dotted toward the claw. 



Occasional grain-field waif, native of Europe, first reported from Berkeley 

 in 1891. Since then more widely reported but not yet common. 



Locs. Live Oak, Sutter Co., J. A. Wilkinson in 1908 ; College City, Colusa Co., Alice King 

 in 1906; St. Helena, Clara Hunt in 1908; San Bernardino (Muhl. 8: 81). 



Eefs. AGROSTEMMA GITHAGO L. Sp. PI. 435 (1753), type European; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. 

 Cal. 166 (1901). 



CERATOPHYLLACEAE. HORNWORT FAMILY. 



Aquatic submerged fragile herbs, with cylindric jointed stems. Leaves whorled, 

 sessile, exstipulate, 2 to 3 times cut into linear or filiform divisions. Flowers 

 minute, axillary, monoecious, without perianth but surrounded by an 8 to 

 12-cleft persistent involucre. Staminate flower consisting of numerous stamens 

 crowded on the receptacle ; anthers sessile. Pistillate flower consisting of one 

 pistil; ovary superior, 1-celled, with a single ovule. Fruit indehiscent, beaked 

 by the slender persistent style, spinose or tuberculate at base. Embryo with 

 highly developed plumule. No endosperm. 



Bibliog. Schleiden, M. J., Beitr. zur Kenntnis der Ceratophylleen (Linn. 11 : 513-544, t. 

 11, 1837). Pearl, E., Variation and Differentiation in Ceratophyllum (Cam. Publ. 58, 1-136, 

 1907). 



1. CERATOPHYLLUM L. 



The only genus, consisting of 3 polymorphous species. (Greek keras, a 

 horn, and phullon, a leaf, the leaves cut into slender rigid divisions.) 



1. C. demersmn L. HORNWORT. Stems slender, y 2 to 2 feet long ; leaves in 

 whorls of 6 to 8, the segments prickly-dentate, !/4 to 1 inch long ; style as long 

 as and forming a beak to the achene ; achene variable, 1 to 2 lines long, with 

 a horn or reflexed spur on each side near the base or spurless, the margin 

 winged or wingless, and the sides sometimes tuberculate. 



Ponds and lakes: widely distributed in California. All continents. Aug. 

 Seldom collected in fruit. 



Locs. Old Mission Dam, San Diego, Chandler; Eamona, K. Brandegee; San Bernardino, 

 Parish; Mohave Eiver at Camp Cady (near Daggett), Parish; Santa Cruz; Gilroy, Jepson; 

 Alvarado, Jepson; San Francisco; Clear Lake, Jepson; Blue Lake, Humboldt Co., Blasdale. 



Eefs. CERATOPHYLLUM: DEMERSUM L. Sp. PI. 992 (1753), type European; Jepson, Fl. W. 

 Mid. Cal. 192 (1901). 



NYMPHAEACEAE. WATER-LILY FAMILY. 



Aquatic perennial herbs with horizontal rootstocks or with tubers. Leaves 

 floating or erect, peltate or deeply cordate. Flowers large, solitary, complete, 

 on long peduncles. Sepals 3 to 12. Petals 3 to many. Stamens 6 to numer- 

 ous. Carpels 3 to many, superior, united into a single pistil with many cells, 

 or distinct. Genera 8 and species 45, widely distributed. 



Bibliog. Greene, E. L., Nymphaea and Nuphar (Bull. Torr. Club, 14: 177-179, 1887). 

 Coville, F. V., Wokas, a primitive food of the Klamath Indians (Eep. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1902 : 

 725-739, 1904. An interesting account of the gathering of the seeds by the Klamath Indians, 

 accompanied by 13 plates in illustration of the plant and the harvesting process). Cook, Mel 

 T., Development of the Embryo-sac and Embryo of Castalia odorata and Nymphaea advena 

 (Bull. Torr. Club, 29: 211-220, 1902. As a result of his studies Cook places Nymphaeaceae 

 in or near the order Naiadales). Miller, G. S. Jr., & Standley, P. C., The N. Am. Species of 

 Nymphaea (Contrib. TJ. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 63-108, 1912). 



Petals many ; pistil 1, compound 1. NYMPHAEA. 



Petals 3 or 4 ; pistils several, distinct 2. BRASENIA. 



1. NYMPHAEA L. POND LILY. 



Aquatic or subterrestrial plants. Scapes and leaves from creeping root- 

 stocks. Leaves cordate; petioles long. Sepals 5 to 12, conspicuous, orbicular, 



