BUTTERCUP FAMILY 529 



i-o to iy 2 inches long; flowers white or pale blue, 6 to 8 lines broad; sepals 5 

 (or 6) ; achenes puberulent, with short recurved style. 



Shady woods in mountains, mostly near the coast, 200 to 5000 feet : Santa 

 Cruz Co. to Siskiyou Co. North to British Columbia, thence east to the Atlantic. 

 Mar.-June. 



Locs. Santa Cruz Mts., M. S. Baker; Kings Mt., San Mateo Co., C. F. Baker 323; Mill 

 Valley, Jepson; Ft. Ross, Davy 1674; Sonoma Creek Canon, M. S. Baker; Humboldt Bay, 

 Tracy 2949; Trinity Summit, Davy 5744; Marble Mt., Clumdler 1551. 



Refs. ANEMONE QUINQUEFOLIA L. Sp. PI. 1:541 (1753), type loe. Virgina. Var. GRAYI 

 Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 198 (1901). A. nemorosa Brew. & Wats. Bot. Gal. 1:4 (1876), not L. 

 A. nemorosa var. grayi Greene, Fl. Fr. 295 (1892). A. grayi Behr. & Kell. Bull. Cal. Acad. 1:5 

 (1884), type loc. Lagunitas, Mt. Tamalpais. 



10. TRAUTVETTERIA F. & M. 



Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, simple, palmately cleft, mostly basal. 

 Stems branching at summit and bearing loose corymbose cymes of white flowers. 

 Sepals 3 to 5, broad, white, petal-like, caducous. Petals none. Stamens numer- 

 ous, filaments clavate, white, conspicuous. Achene utricular, capitate on the 

 short receptacle. Species 2, North America and Asia. (E. R. Trautvetter, 

 Russian botanist, 19th century.) 



1. T. grandis Nutt. Stems l 1 /^ to 3 feet high; leaves deeply about 5-cleft, 

 2 l /2 to 8 inches broad, unequally serrate, the basal long-, the cauline short-petioled ; 

 flowers 6 to 8 lines broad ; sepals oval or roundish, concave, 2 lines long ; achenes 

 glabrous. 



Mountain woods, northern California from Plumas Co. to Siskiyou Co. North 

 to British Columbia. 



Locs. Mill Creek, Plumas Co. (ace. Bot. Cal. 2:425) ; Marble Mt., Chandler 1601. 



Ref. TRAUTVETTERIA GRANDIS Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. 1:37 (1838), type loc. shady woods, 

 Columbia River, NuttaU. 



11. THALICTRUM L. MEADOW RUE. 



Perennial herbs with mostly tall erect stems from a short rootstock. Leaves 

 bi- or tri-ternately compound, with petiolulate (or some sessile) leaflets. Flowers 

 many, small (iy 2 to 3 lines long), panicled, rarely in a raceme, dioecious, or 

 sometimes perfect. Sepals 4 (or 5 to 7), greenish, or more or less petal-like. 

 Petals none. Stamens numerous with long mucronate anthers on capillary 

 filaments. Achenes 4 to 15, veined or furrowed, sometimes inflated, tipped with 

 the persistent long styles. Species about 80, all continents except Australia, but 

 chiefly north temperate North America, Europe and Asia. (Greek thallo, to 

 grow green, the application uncertain.) 



Flowers in a simple raceme, perfect, nodding; alpine or subalpine dwarf 1. T. alpinum. 



Flowers in a panicle ; tall plants, mostly of the f oothills and middle altitudes. 



Flowers perfect; achenes stiped --2. T. sparsiflorum. 



Flowers dioecious; achenes not stiped or scarcely so. 



Achenes broad, strongly oblique both ventrally and dorsally; common. 



Sides of achene 3 or 4-ribbed 3. T. fetidleri. 



Sides of achene with branching nerves, at most 1-ribbed 4. T. polycarpum. 



Achenes narrow, scarcely oblique; rare 5. T. occidentale. 



1. T. alpinum L. Stems 3 to 6 inches high ; leaves basal, short-petioled, 1 

 to li/> inches long, ternate, the lateral divisions with 3, the terminal with 5 

 leaflet's ; leaflets notched, 3-clef t or -divided, iy 2 to 2 lines long ; flowers in a simple 

 raceme, perfect, purplish, nodding ; achenes slightly flattened, sessile, 4 or 5-ribbed 

 on the sides, 1 to l 1 /^ lines long. 



Cottonwood Creek, White Mts.. ace. Coville. Nevada to Colorado, north to 

 the Arctic. Circumpolar. It is probable that this species once x occupied most 



