CALYCANTHACEAE 



547 



CALYCANTHACEAE. SWEET-SHRUB FAMILY. 



Aromatic shrubs with opposite entire leaves and no stipules. Flowers large, 

 solitary, terminating the branches. Bracts, sepals and petals passing into each 

 other, imbricated in many series, adnate at base to the enlarged hollow recep- 

 tacle which is like a rose-cup. Stamens numerous, the inner ones sterile. Pistils 

 many, distinct, nearly enclosed in the hollow receptacle, becoming achenes. 

 Monotypic genus of 6 species. 4 in North America and 2 in Asia. 



Bibliog. Kearney, T. H., Nomenclature of the genus Buettneria Duham. (Bull. Torr. Club 

 21:173-175, 1894). 



1. CALYCANTHUS L. 



Flowers livid red. Petals in several rows at mouth of tube, the inner ones 

 shorter. Styles equaling the anthers, filiform, colorless. Seed without endo- 

 sperm; cotyledons foliaceous, convolute, caulicle inferior. (Greek kalyx, cover- 

 ing or calyx, and anthos, flower.) 



1. C. occidentalis H. & A. SPICE BUSH. SWEET SHRUB. (Fig. 109.) Erect 

 branching shrub 5 to 9 feet high ; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded 

 at base, I 1 /*? to 6 inches long; 

 sepals and petals linear-spatu- 

 late, li/4 inches long or less, the 

 upper i/ 2 or % fading tawny or 

 brown in age; filaments 1/3 line 

 long; fruiting receptacle cup- 

 like, 1 to ly^ inches long; 

 achenes oblong-ovate, slightly 

 oblique or curved, a trifle flat- 

 tened and bordered all around 

 with a granular margin, some- 

 what, velvety-hirsute, 4 to 5 lines 

 long. 



Along canon streams in the 

 North Coast Ranges and Sierra 

 Nevada foothills. 



Folk Lore. This shrub has always 

 interested the settlers in the foothills 

 and it has acquire.d in consequence a 

 variety of common names. It is 

 called "Spice-wood" on Howell Mt., 

 "Wine Flower" in Sonoma Co., 

 "Spice Bush" in Napa Valley, " Wild 

 P >ppy ' ' in Trinity Co., where it is 

 nrmted poisonous to cattle, and "Vinegar Bush" in the Kaweah region. A crushed flower 

 is sometimes put in a knotted corner of the handkerchief by the hill folk as a perfume. 



Locs. Coast Ranges: Peanut, Trinity Co., J. W. Patton; Cloverdale, Bolander; Mark West 

 Creek, Jepson; Mt. St. Helena, Jepson; sw. of Calistoga, Jepson; Howell Mt., Jepson 1725; 

 Gates Canon, Vaea Mts., Jepson 561; Cazadero, Blasdale; Sonoma, Biolettl. Sierra Nevada: 

 Morley Sta., Shasta .Co., M. S. Baker; Table Mt, n. of Oroville, Heller 10,782 ; Merced River 

 near Grouse Creek, Jepson 8354; Cedar Creek, Sequoia -Park, Jepson; South Fork Kaweah 

 River, Jepson. 



Refs.- CALYCANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS H. & A. Bot. Beech. 340, t. 84 (1840); Jepson, Fl. W. 

 Mid. Cal. 190 (1901). Butneria occidentalis Greene, Erythea 1:207 (1893). 



Fig. 109. CALYCANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS H. & 

 flowering branchlet; b, fruiting receptacle. 



A. a, 

 X %. 



BERBERIDACEAE. BARBERRY FAMILY. 



Shrubs or herbs, ours with alternate compound leaves. Flowers perfect, 

 regular, hypogynous. Sepals 6, in 2 circles. Petals 6, in 2 circles, the stamens 

 as many and opposite them. Anthers opening by an uplifting valve or lid. 

 Ovary one, superior, 1-celled, becoming in fruit a capsule, a berry, or dry and 

 coriaceous. Seeds with endosperm. Achlys is anomalous; it has no perianth 



