PAPAVERACEAE 



553 



PAPAVERACEAE. POPPY FAMILY 



Herbs or shrubs with mostly colored juice and regular complete flowers. 

 Sepals 2 or 3, caducous, the petals twice as many. Calyx in Eschscholtzia resem- 

 bling a fool's cap, the 2 sepals completely united into a single piece. Stamens 

 numerous, rarely few. Pistil 1, composed of 2 to several united carpels; ovary 

 superior, 1-celled (several-celled in Romneya) ; in Platystemon the lightly united 

 carpels become distinct in fruit. Genera 23 and species about 100, mostly extra- 

 tropical in the north temperate zone. 



Bibliog. Harvey, W. H., Description of a new Genus of Papaveraceae detected by the late 

 Dr. Coulter in California (Lond. Jour. Bot. 4:73-76, t. 3, 1845). Gray, A,, Character of 

 Canbya and Arctomecon (Proc. Am. Acad. 12:51-53, pis. 1, 2, 1876); [N. Am. genera of] 

 Papaveraceae (Proe. Am. Acad. 22:270-273, 1887). Brandegee, K., Papavereae of the Pacific 

 Coast (Proe. Cal. Aead. 1:237-251, 1889); Variations of Platystemon and Eschscholtzia 

 (Zoe 1:278-282, 1890). Brandegee, T. S., Deformed flowers of Dendromecon (Zoe 1:46-48, 

 pi. 1, 1890); Notes on Papaveraceae (Zoe 5:174-177, 1903). Prain, D., An Account of the 

 Genus Argemone (Jour. Bot. 33:129-135, 176-178, 207-209, 307-312, 325-333, 363-371, 1895). 

 Greene, E. L., Platystemon and its Allies (Pitt. 5:139-194, 1903); Revision of Eschseholtzia 

 (Pitt. 5:205-293, 1905) ; A Study of Dendromecon (Pitt. 5:295-306, 1905). Fedde, F. von, 

 Was ist Platystemon leiocarpum F. & M. (Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 22:92-95, figs. 1-2, 1904) ; 

 Eschscholtziae gen. sp. nov. (Eep. Nov. Sp. 2:145-148; 3:27-28, 75-76, 105, 183-185, 1906) ; 

 Papaveraceae-Hypecoideae et Papaveraceae-Papaveroideae (Engler, Pflzr. 4 104 : 1-430, figs. 1-43, 

 1909). 



Sepals distinct, caducous; receptacle not hollowed (slightly hollowed in no. 6). 

 Leaves usually opposite or whorled, entire. 



Stamens numerous; carpels lightly joined, distinct in fruit 1. PLATYSTEMON. 



Stamens 6 to 12 or numerous; carpels combined into a 3-angled or linear ovary 



2. MECONELLA. 

 Leaves alternate or mainly so, often in a basal tuft. 



Stamens 6 to 9 ; minute annual _ 3. CANBYA. 



Stamens many or numerous. 



Herbs; leaves toothed, lobed or pinnatifid. 



Petals deciduous; stigmas opposite (that is, over) the placentae. 



Flower buds erect ; petals white ; herbage prickly 4. ARGEMONE. 



Flower buds drooping; petals red; herbage not prickly 5. PAPAVER. 



Petals persistent around the capsule; stigmas alternate with the placentae; herb- 

 age not prickly 6. ARCTOMECON. 



Shrubs or at least woody at base. 



Petals white; leaves pinnatifid; capsule ovate, 7 to 12-valved 7. EOMNEYA. 



Petals yellow; leaves entire or merely denticulate; capsule linear, 2-valved 



8. DENDROMECON. 



Sepals united into a calyptra or foolscap body which is pushed off by the 4 expanding petals ; 

 receptacle hollowed - 9- ESCHSCHOLTZIA. 



1. PLATYSTEMON Benth. 



Low annual with mainly opposite entire leaves. Sepals 3. Petals 6 in two 

 seric , tardily deciduous, withering and closing over the forming fruit. Stamens 

 numerous; filaments more or less dilated and petal-like. Stigmas subulate- 

 filiform, one terminating each carpel ; carpels 6 to 17 or 20, each several-ovuled, 

 connivent or coherent in a circle, becoming monilifonn, at maturity separating 

 and breaking transversely into indehiscent 1-seeded joints. Species 1, south- 

 western United States and Lower California. Anthesis lasting for more than one 

 day. (Greek platus, broad, and stemon, a stamen.) 



1. P. calif ornicus Benth. CREAM CUPS. (Fig. 111.) Branched from the 

 base, the branches widely spreading and more or less decumbent, or often erect, 

 3 to 9 (or 12) inches high, the leaves often borne on the lower part (or wholly 

 basal) and the peduncles therefore more or less scape-like and 2 to 7 (or 10) 

 inches long; herbage pilose; buds round-obovoid, elliptic or oblong, long-hairy; 

 petals commonly cream yellow, 3 or 6 to 11 lines long. 



Foothills, plains and valleys, in sandy or clay soils, common almost through- 

 out California, but absent from the deserts, except the western margins of the 

 Colorado and Mohave. East to Arizona and Utah ; south to Lower California. 



