APPENDIX. 439 



of the head ; outer webs of a few of the secondaries 

 same color ; lower part of the fore neck ash-color ; 

 breast and abdomen soiled white ; tail feathers 

 rather darker than those of the male. Male fourteen 

 and a half inches long ; wing six inches and three- 

 fourths. Female rather smaller. 



The dipper is quite plentiful everywhere in the 

 Northern States, but not much valued. 



OLD WIFE. 



South Southerly, Old Squaw, Long-Tailed Duck. 

 Fuligula Glacialis, Linn. 



Specific Character. Length of bill, from the ter- 

 mination of the frontlet feathers to the point, one 

 inch and one-sixteenth the upper mandible rounded ; 

 the sides very thin ; the bill rather deeply serrated, 

 and furnished with a long nail ; tail feathers acute. 

 In the male the middle pair of tail feathers are 

 extended about four inches beyond the next longest, 

 which character is wanting with the female. Adult 

 male with the bill black at the base ; anterior to the 

 nostril reddish-orange, with a dusky line margining 

 the nail ; fore part of the head white, the same color 

 passing over the head down the hind neck on the 

 back ; eyes dark red ; cheeks and loral space dusky- 

 white, with a few touches of yellowish-brown ; a 

 black patch on the sides of the neck terminating in 

 reddish-brown ; fore neck white ; breast brownish- 

 black, terminating in an oval form on the abdomen 

 the latter white ; flanks bluish-white ; primaries 



