8o CALYCIFLOR^E 



r or 2, enclosed in the tube of the hardened calyx. (Name from the 

 Latin, sanguis, blood, and sorbeo, to staunch, from the supposed 

 virtues of the plant.) 



11. Poterium (Burnet Saxifrage). Stamens and pistils in separate 

 flowers ; flowers in heads ; calyx 4-cleft, coloured, with 3 scale-like 

 bracts at the base ; petals o ; stamens numerous ; stigma tufted. 

 (Name from the Greek, poterion, a drinking-cup, the plant being 

 used in the preparation of Cool-tankard.) 



Sub-order V. Rosid.e. The Rose Group 



This division contains the genus from which both the Order and 

 Sub-order take their names. Here also the fruit furnishes the 

 main characteristic ; it consists of a number of nut-like, hairy seeds, 

 enclosed within the fleshy tube of the calyx, which is contracted at 

 the top. The Roses are shrubs more or less prickly (not thorny), 

 with pinnate leaves. The number of species is very great, of varie- 

 ties incalculable, the beauty and fragrance of the flowers having 

 rendered them favourite objects of cultivation from a very early 

 period. From the petals of R. centifolia and R. Damascena are 

 made Rose-water and Attar of Roses. It is stated that 100,000 

 Roses, the produce of 10,000 bushels, yield only nine drams of Attar. 

 From the pulp of the fruit, called a hip, is made a conserve, which 

 is used in the preparation of various medicines. 



12. Rosa (Rose). Calyx urn-shaped, contracted at the mouth, 

 and terminating in 5, often leaf-like, divisions; petals 5; stamens 

 numerous ; seeds numerous. (Name from the Latin, rosa, and that 

 from the Greek, rhodon, its ancient names.) 



Sub-order VI. Pome,e. The Apple Group 



In the plants of this division the fruit is what is called a pome ; 

 that is, the tube of the calyx enlarges and becomes a fleshy 01 

 mealy fruit, enclosing 1-5 cells, which are either horny, as in the 

 Apple, or bony, as in the Medlar. The Apple Group contains well- 

 known fruit trees, namely, the Apple, Pear, Quince, Medlar, Service. 

 Mountain Ash, and Hawthorn. The seeds, and occasionally the 

 flower and bark of some, yield prussic acid. All the cultivated 

 varieties of Apple are derived from the Wild Apple, or Crab, Pyrus 

 Mains ; the garden Pears from a thorny tree, with hard astringent 

 fruit, Pyrus communis. The wood of the Pear is very close-grained, 

 and is sometimes used by wood-engravers. The fruit of the Moun- 

 tain Ash and some other species yields malic acid, and the leaves 

 prussic acid, in as great abundance as the Laurel. All the plants 

 of this division are either trees or shrubs. 



13. Pyrus (Pear, Apple, Service, and Mountain Ash). Calyx 



