86 CALYCIFLORjE 



dower-stalks close pressed, silky. A well-known plant, with bright 

 green hairy leaves, rooting stems, and erect flower-stalks. By these 

 last two characters, as well as by the drooping fruit, this plant may 

 be distinguished from Potentilla Fragariastrum (Strawberry-leaved 

 Cinquefoil), which is often mistaken for it by young botanists. The 

 Strawberry probably derives its name from the custom of laying 

 straw between the rows of plants in gardens. Woods and thickets 

 common. Fl. May to July. Perennial. 



A variety, F. elatior (the Hautboy Strawberry), which is taller, 

 more hairy produces less runners, and being often unisexual, pro- 

 duces no fruit, is not re \lly wild, though it often occurs as a garden 

 escape. 



7. Rubus {Bramble) 



1. R. I da/ j- (Raspberry). Root-stock creeping ; stem nearly erect, 

 round, downy, and prickly ; leaves pinnate, of 3-5 leaflets, which 

 are white and very downy beneath ; flowers drooping ; fruit hoary, 

 scarlet, or yellow in some cultivated varieties, and of an agreeable 

 flavour. The origin of all the garden varieties, from which it differs 

 in little but the size of the fruit. Rocky woods ; not uncommon. 

 Fl. May, June. Shrub. 



2. R. fruticosus (Common Bramble, or Blackberry). Root-stock 

 not sendmg out suckers ; stem arched, angular, prickly, often root- 

 ing at tht extremities, which arch down and touch the ground, in 

 this way producing fresh plants ; leaves of 3-5 leaflets ; leaflets 

 ovate, toothed, the midribs and leaflets often thorny ; flowers white 

 or pink, erect, in compound panicles ; calyx of the fruit spreading 

 or bent back ; fruit black or sometimes reddish. This description 

 includes a large number of species and varieties to which names have 

 been severally given ; but it is not here thought necessary to de- 

 scribe the characters at length, the genus being confessedly a difficult 

 one, and likely to be of interest to a specialist only. Common every- 

 where. Most of the species flower from July to August, and ripen 

 their fruit in September and October. Shrub. 



3. R. ccBsius (Dewberry). Stem prostrate, nearly round, prickly 

 below, bristly above ; leaves of 3-5 leaflets ; panicle simple ; calyx 

 clasping the fruit. In this species the fruit, which consists of a few 

 large drupes, is half enclosed in the calyx, and is covered with a grey 

 bloom. Thickets and borders of fields ; not uncommon. Fl. June 

 to August. Shrub. 



4. R. saxililis (Stone Bramble). Stem herbaceous, about 1 foot 

 high, rooting ; prickles few or none ; leaves of 3 leaflets ; floivers 

 lew together, greenish yellow ; fruit scarlet, consisting of 1-4 large 

 drupes. Stony, mountainous places, especially in the north. 

 Fi. Julv. August. Perennial. 



