$i CALYCIFLOR^ 



native. The flowers are white and very large, and the fruit is re- 

 markably flattened at the top, exposing the upper ends of the 

 long seed-cells. Fl. May. Tree. 



15. Crataegus (Hawthorn) 



1. C. oxyacantha (Hawthorn, White-thorn, or May). A branching, 

 thorny shrub or small tree, which, though it varies considerably in 

 its mode of growth, shape of its leaves, and colour of its flowers and 

 fruit, is so well known as to need no description. The leaves are 

 wedge-shaped, divided into 3-5-toothed lobes, and expand before 

 the flowers ; the flowers white or pink, and fragrant ; fruit red, con- 

 taining 1-3 hard carpels. The name Hawthorn is supposed to be 

 a corruption of the Dutch hceg, or hedge ; although, therefore, the 

 fruit is generally called a haw, that name is derived from the tree 

 which produces it, and the tree does not, as is frequently supposed, 

 take its name from the fruit which it bears. Fl. May, and in the 

 mountains till late in June. Tree. 



16. Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster) 

 1. C. vulgaris (Common Cotoneaster). A small shrub with entire, 

 ovate leaves, glabrous above and cottony on the under side ; flowers 

 small, pinkish, solitary or several together ; fruit a small reddish 

 berry. In Britain found only in one station, viz. the limestone 

 cliffs of Great Orme's Head, Caernarvonshire. Fl. May, June. 

 Perennial. 



Natural Order XXV 

 ONAGRACE.E. The Willow Herb Tribe 



Calyx of 4, sometimes 2 lobes, which in bud are attached to each 

 other by their edges ; the calyx-tube more or less united to the ovary ; 

 petals as many as the lobes of the calyx, twisted while in bud ; 

 stamens 4 or 8, rarely 2, springing from the mouth of the calyx ; 

 ovary of 2 or 4 cells, often crowned by a disk ; stigma knobbed, or 

 4-lobed ; fruit a berry, or 4-celled capsule. Herbaceous plants or 

 shrubs, principally inhabiting the temperate parts of the globe, 

 especially America and Europe. In this Order we find the elegant 

 American genus Fuchsia, with its coloured 4-cleft calyx and often 

 edible fruit. Many species of Oenothera are cultivated as garden 

 plants, some bearing flowers 3 or 4 inches in diameter ; those with 

 yellow or white flowers, which open only in the evening, are called 

 Evening Primroses. The properties of the plants which compose 

 this Order are unimportant. The wood of the Fuchsia is said to be 

 used as a dye. and the roots of Oenothera biennis, the Common 



