VALERIAN TRIBE 



141 



10. G. tricar ne (Cora Bedstraw). Not un- 

 like the last, but smaller ; the stems are about 

 a foot long and rough, as well as the leaves, 

 with reflexed prickles ; the flowers grow in 

 ones, twos, or threes, and the fruit is reflexed 

 and granulated, not prickly. A cornfield 

 weed ; not uncommon in England. Fl. June 

 to October. Annual. 



3. Asperula (Woodruff) 



1. A. odorata (Sweet Woodruff). Root- 

 stocks creeping ; stems 6-12 inches high, erect ; 

 leaves usually 8 in a whorl, slightly rough at 

 their margins, with forward pointing prickles ; 

 flowers in stalked, terminal panicles ; fruit 

 rough with prickles. A deservedly popular 

 plant, on account of its fresh green foliage and 

 pretty snow-white flowers, and also for its 

 agreeable perfume when dry, which resembles 

 new- mown hay. 



2. A. Cynanchica (Squinancy- wort). Leaves 4 in a whorl, 

 linear, uppermost very unequal. A small plant 

 with very narrow leaves, and tufts of lilac or 

 whitish flowers. It derives its English name from 

 having been formerly used as a remedy for the 

 squinancy, or quinsy. Dry pastures, especially on 

 calcarious soil ; local. Fl. June, July. Perennial. 



4. Sherardia (Field Madder) 



1. 5. arvensis (Field Madder). A small plant, 

 with branched, spreading stems, narrow, pointed 

 leaves, in whorls of about 6 each, and minute lilac 

 flowers, which form a small umbel in the terminal 

 whorl of leaves. Abundant in cultivated land. 

 Fl. June to August. Annual. 



Asperula Odorata 

 (Sweet Woodruff) 



Sherardia 



Arvensis 



(Field Madder) 



Natural Order XLII 



VALERIANACE^, The Valerian Tribe 



Calyx uperior, finally becoming a border, or pappus, to the fruit ; 

 in the British genera the corolla is irregular, 5-lobed, pouched or 

 spurred at the base ; stamens 1-5, inserted into the tube of the 

 corolla ; ovary with 1-3 cells ; fruit dry, crowned with the calyx, 



