176 



COROLL1FLOR.E 



2. A. Ptarmica (Sneeze-wort).- leaves un- 

 divided, very narrow, and tapering to a sharp 

 point, serrated. Somewhat taller and slenderer 

 than the last, from which it may be at once 

 distinguished by its undivided leaves and larger 

 heads of flowers, of which both the disc and ray 

 are white. The pounded leaves have been used 

 as snuff, hence its name. Meadows and waste 

 ground ; not uncommon. Fl. July, 

 Perennial. 



August. 



Achillea Ptarmica 

 (Sneeze-wort) 



Natural Order XLV 



CAMPANULACE^. The Bell-flower 

 Tribe 



Calyx growing from the ovary, 5-lobed, re- 

 maining till the fruit ripens ; corolla rising 

 from the mouth of the calyx, 5-lobed, regular 

 or irregular, withering on the fruit ; stamens equalling in number 

 the lobes of the corolla, and alternate with them ; anthers distinct, 

 except in Jasione and Phyteuma, when they are united ; ovary 

 inferior, of two, or more, many-seeded cells ; style 1, covered with 

 hairs ; stigma simple or lobed ; fruit dry, crowned by the withered 

 calyx and corolla, splitting, or opening by valves at the side or 

 top ; seeds numerous, fixed to a central column. Herbaceous or 

 slightly shrubby plants, with a milky, bitter juice, mostly alternate 

 leaves without stipules, and showy blue or white flowers, inhabiting 

 principally the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. 

 Many species are highly ornamental, but very few are valuable 

 either as food or medicine. The roots of Campanula Rapunculus, 

 under the name of Rampion or Ramps, were formerly cultivated 

 in this country for the table, but are now scarcely known. Lobelia 

 inflata (Indian Tobacco) of North America is used in small doses 

 for Asthma, but in over doses is dangerously emetic and narcotic. 

 L. cardinalis (Scarlet Cardinal), one of our most brilliantly coloured 

 garden flowers, is also very acrid ; and the rare British species, 

 L. urens (Acrid Lobelia), derives its name from the blistering pro- 

 perties of its juice. Some species contain a considerable quantity 

 of caoutchouc. 



1. Campanula (Bell-flower). Corolla bell-shaped (rarely wheel- 

 shaped), with 5 broad and shallow lobes ; filaments broad at the 

 base ; stigma 2 to 5 cleft ; capsule 2 to 5 -celled, opening the pores 

 at the side, rarely near the top. (Name from the Latin, campana, 

 a bell.) 



2. Phyteuma (Rampion). Corolla wheel-shaped, with 5 deep 

 lobes : filaments broad at th& base ; stigma 2 to 3-cleft ; capsule 



