GENERAL ADMINISTRATION AND PROTECTION. 53 



est officer, he will transmit his notes, sketch maps, and report to the supervisor, 

 who will keep a record of all work of this nature on a map, showing the lines 

 retracted, marked, or surveyed, the corners located or restored, and the points 

 supplied with special signs. 



MAP MAKING. 



Map making in the Forest Service is of two general kinds: From original 

 surveys made by the General Land Office or the Geological Survey, or both; 

 and from reconnaissance, strip surveys, or cruisings made by the Forest Service 

 in connection with the management of the Forests. 



The general official name for the data which, with corrections and additions, 

 form the bases for Forest maps, is the Forest Atlas. This is described in the 

 " Instructions for Making Forest Surveys and Maps." 



The Forest Atlas. 



The Forest Atlas at Washington is the central depository for maps, diagrams, 

 statistics, and history of the National Forests and forestry in general through- 

 out the world. Its most important division is that of maps, and the most 

 important maps are those of the National Forests. 



The Forest Atlas now comprises 190 volumes, containing sheets exactly 18 by 

 21 inches. They are bound in loose-leaf holders in two ways: Standard binders 

 have the binding margin on the 21-inch side, while toumship binders have the 

 binding margin on the 18-inch side. No map is made on a sheet. less than 18 

 by 21 inches, and larger maps are made on two or more sheets, which are always 

 numbered from west to east, beginning at the northwest corner. Borders are 

 omitted. The title consists only of the name of the Forest or the number of the 

 township. The top of the map is always north. A binding edge of at least 

 li inches is always left blank on the west or left-hand side of each sheet. 



Scale. 



The standard scale of the Forest Atlas is 1 inch to 1 mile, and the National 

 Forests practically have been covered by atlas sheets according to this standard. 

 Whenever, in special cases, a larger or smaller scale is necessary for the 

 preparation of any map in the Forest Service, it must sustain the simple relation 

 of X2 or -H2. Thus the scale may be 2 inches, 4 inches, or 8 inches to 1 mile; 

 or * inch, inch, or J inch to 1 mile. Under no circumstances will sheets be 

 prepared for the Forest Atlas on the ratio of 3, 5, 7, etc. The scale of township 

 plats is 2 inches to 3 mile, because that scale was adopted by the General Land 

 Office, from which the plats were procured 



The Atlas sheets which cover a National Forest are called a folio, and are 

 assembled, with a Icf/cnd i>uge, in a paper cover, on which is printed an index 

 diagram showing the number of the sheets. 



Before any statement is issued by any branch or office it must be checked 

 against any statements in the Atlas relating to the same subject, and the two 

 must be made to agree. No sheets should be inserted in the Atlas which do not 

 bear, under a given date, the approval by initial of the chief within whose field 

 the data were collected. In Washington this applies to the chiefs of branch, and 

 in the districts to chiefs of office. 



District Atlas. 



In the office of each District Forester is a District Atlas consisting of 20 or 

 more volumes, containing duplicate sheets of the Forest Atlas covering the area 

 of the district. Whenever E'orest Atlas folios have been duplicated by photo- 

 lithography or otherwise for a National Forest, the officers have been supplied 

 with copies, but under no circumstances are copies of any Atlas folio to be 

 sold or given away. They are strictly for the use of Forest officers in the 

 administration of the National Forests. Copies for distribution are not 

 published. 



Forest Supervisors are supplied by the property clerk with binders for Forest 

 Atlas folios, having the binding margin on the 21-inch side, and also with 

 binders for land-office township plats, having the binding margin on the 18- 

 inch side. 



Corrections. 



The folios are the " mother maps " which furnish the bases from which further 

 map making will proceed in the Forest Service. They correspond to the mother 

 maps of other countries in this respect that they are compiled from official 



