24 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL GRAZING. 



The ranges within the National Forests should be used by the 



of stock for which they are best adapted, excej 

 cis s of raJge. f each when this would not be consistent with the welfa 

 of the local residents or the proper protection of t 

 Forests. When an application is received for a kind of stock no 

 previously allowed to graze upon a range, the Supervisor should dete 

 mine, first, whether the change can be made without injury to the 

 Forest or the flow of streams ; second, to which class of stock trie range 

 is best adapted; and, third, whether the change will be detrimental to 

 the interests of the people residing in the vicinity of the range. The 

 change will be made by the District Forester only wjien all three 

 conditions are favorable. 



For convenience of administration, Forests will be divided into 



Ran e districts grazing districts. A typical Forest with an area of 



1,000,000 acres should usually be divided into from 



four to six districts, which may be natural grazing units, natural 



administrative units, or parts of the Forest used by different classes 



of stock .growers or different -classes of stock. Wherever possible 



they will coincide with the lines of the administrative districts. 



These should also be divided into grazing divisions which should 

 Ran e division ^ e na ^ ura ^ grazing units defined by topographic 

 boundaries with their limits determined largely by 

 the class of stock which is to use them. Cattle and horses ordinarily 

 graze both ways from a stream but seldom cross the summits of the 

 surrounding ridges. Sheep and goats ordinarily graze the crest and 

 slopes of a ridge or mountain but wiU cross none but shallow streams 

 except on bridges. This should be ket)t in mind in fixing range 

 boundary lines. Divisions, being smaller than a district, should 

 usually be for the use of one class of stock and should be designated 

 by well-known local names, such as "Mormon Lake Division." 

 These range divisions may, where advisable, be divided into individual 

 ranges. 



Cattle and horses will be allotted individual ranges when topo- 

 graphic conditions and methods of handling make it 

 allotment!? 1 railge practicable, but sheep and goats will be in every case, 

 unless unusual circumstances prevent. The confine- 

 ment of cattle or horses to individual ranges in a flat country would, 

 of course, necessitate constant riding and increase the cost of handling 

 and is therefore inadvisable. When cattle and horses are assigned 

 individual ranges, the permittees will be required to make a reason- 

 able effort to keep their stock within the limits of their range divisions. 



The manner in which sheep and goats are handled makes individual 

 allotments both practicable and desirable. The mixing of herds 

 and the consequent loss of lambs are avoided and each permittee is 

 encouraged to improve range conditions by better methods of han- 

 dling his stock. The lines of individual sheep allotments should be 

 as clearly defined as possible and every effort should be made to 

 have them thoroughly understood by the herders and camp tenders 

 immediately after the sheep enter the range. A full description 

 should be written in or on the back of the permit, and the bound- 

 aries should be marked where practicable with posters. (Form 

 222.) When range conditions are fairly well settled the practice of 

 furnishing each permittee with a copy of a map showing his own 



