18 Native Trees oj Canada 



of 30 ft. and a diameter of 10 to 18 in. The crown is matted and the root-system 

 spreading and strong. The wood is used only for firewood. 



The bark is whitish and little broken except at the base of the trunk, where 

 narrow cracks break it into whitish scales. It is rarely over 3^ in. thick. 



The leaves are stout, rigid, and curved, of a dark yellowish-green colour, and 

 15^ to 2}/2 in. long. They are borne in bundles of five and are usually much 

 clustered at the ends of the branches. 



The cones are V/i to 33^ in. long, much shorter than those of the limber pine. 



The scales are very thick and of a purplish colour. The colour does not fade 

 as readily as in the case of limber pine. The cone does not split and allow the seed 

 to drop out, as with the limber pine, but remains closed and retains the seed for 

 some years. 



This tree forms the timberline on the mountains in British Columbia and 

 Alberta, and is generally found in inaccessible places at an altitude of 6,000 to 7,000 

 ft., on shallow, rocky soils in open, park-like stands. 



PINUS RESINOSA, Aiton RED PINE 



Common names: Red pine, Norway pine*, yellow pine*, Canadian 



red pine (England). 

 French names: Pin rouge, pin resineaux, pin de Norvege*. 



The red pine is a tree 75 to 125 ft. high and 2 to 3 ft. in diameter. The trunk 

 is erect and has very little taper, and, when growing in dense stands, is clear for 

 over three-quarters of its length. 



The bark, which is intensely reddish-brown in colour, separates into broad, 

 irregular, flaky scales. In contrast with the darker bark of the white pine, with 

 which it is frequently found growing, the trunk has a scraped or rubbed appear- 

 ance. The bark is thick and resists fire fairly well. 



The branches come out in distinct whorls and the crown is round and open. 

 The twigs are red, and stouter than those of the white pine. The roots are wide- 

 spreading, deep and wind-firm. 



The leaves are needle-like, 3 to 6 in. long, flexible, flat on one side, and rounded 

 on the other. They are borne two in a bundle and are distinguished from those 

 of the jack pine, the only other pine in Eastern Canada with two leaves in a 

 bundle, by their greater length and the fact that they are not twisted. Seen at a 

 distance the foliage appears to be growing in dark green tufts at the ends of the 

 heavy branches. 



The cones are 2 to 2Y2 in. long and more or less spherical when open. The 

 scales are thickened at the top and have no prickle. 



The red pine is found from Nova Scotia to lake Winnipeg but reaches its best 

 development in Ontario. It grows best on deep, loamy sand or gravel, and on 

 such soil is often found in pure stands. 



