The Hemlocks 



35 



TSUGA CANADENSIS (L.) Carr. 



HEMLOCK 



Common names: Hemlock, eastern hemlock, Canadian hemlock, 

 hemlock spruce* (England), white hemlock. 



French names: Pruche, penisse (France), tsuga du Canada, 

 sapin du Canada*. 



The hemlock averages 13^^ to 2 ft. in diameter and 50 to 70 ft. in height. The 

 trunk is usually straight but tapered much from the base upwards. In the open 

 the tree is very branchy but in dense stands it has a small, short crown. Its- 

 branchlets are very slender and flexible, and are roughened by the raised projections; 

 left by the dropped leaves. The roots are very shallow and spreading. 



The bark is reddish-brown in colour and roughened with shallow furrows and 

 narrow, scaly ridges. 



The leaves are flat, blunt, 3^ in. long, dark green on the upper side with pale 

 lines beneath. They are distinctly stalked and each is attached to a small pro- 



HEMLOCK 



77 cc?/7oo<Gn>S'/'5 



jection on the bark of the twig. They are twisted, and arranged m. two distinct 

 ranks. The fact that the leaves are distinct^ stalked makes the tree readily 

 distinguishable from any of the firs. 



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