92 



Native Trees of Canada 



those of any other native oak, and give the foliage a very ragged appearance. The 

 lower pair of lobes are usually at right angles to the midrib. 



The acorns are J-^ to 1 in. long, smaller than those of the red oak. The cup, 

 too, is deeper than that of the red oak. The scales do not form a fringe at the mar- 



gin. This aids in distinguishing it from the black oak. The inside of the shell is 

 somewhat downy and the kernel is white and bitter. It takes two years for the 

 acorn to mature. 



THE ELMS 



Sixteen species of elm ( Ulmus) are recognized throughout the world. Six 

 are known to occur in North America and three of these are native to Canada. 

 Several exotic species have been brought to this country for ornamental planting, 

 of which the two most common are the English elm ( Ulmus campestris) and the 

 Scotch elm ( Ulmus montana). They have larger fruit than the native species. 



The wood of the elms as a whole is tough and hard to split, but warps badly 

 in seasoning. It is of great commercial importance and considerable quantities 

 are cut every year. 



The elms belong to the same group as the hackberry {Celtis occidentalis) , 

 a comparatively rare tree, but which might be mistaken for an elm. They can be 



