OF NORTH AMERICA. 43 



simple deciduous filiform villose stigma simple 

 fruct a fleshy syncarpe or concrete berry by 

 coalescent berries verrucose tesselated as in 

 Artocarpus, forming many cells at the periphe- 

 ry, each with one seed obovate. Spinose tree 

 with alternate distichal leaves, fruits large 

 axillary. Thus intermediate between Arto- 

 carpus and Fusticus. My name means Bow- 

 wood (loxilon would have meant arrow-wood) 

 one of its name. 



578. TOXYLON MACLTJRA Raf. T. pomiferum 

 Raf. 1817. Maclura aurantiaca Nuttal 1818, 

 Eaton. Brouss.tinctoria Spr. K. Torrey! Leaves 

 smooth lucid ovate acuminate petiolate entire, 

 a recurved spine near their base, fruits orange 

 like, axillary subsessile drooping in Arkanzas, 

 Texas and upper Missouri, a small tree 20 to 

 30 feet high, branches spreading, leaves 2 to 4 

 inches long, petiol about one inch, fruits size 

 and shape of an orange, nearly same color, but 

 structure like the bread fruit or pine apple, con- 

 taining a sweet amylaceous milk. Wood yel- 

 low tough and heavy, used to make excellent 

 bows, bark affording a fine flax. Tree easily 

 raised from cuttings and layers, forming excel- 

 lent hedges. Called Ayac by the Indians, also 

 Bow-wood, yellow wood, stinking wood, Osage 

 apple, I made two oversights in my first ac- 

 count of this valuable tree in 1817, calling the 

 leaves serrate and wood used for arrows. Seen 

 alive in many gardens with flowers and fruits. 

 Nuttal calls the nerves puberulent beneath, they 

 are only so when young, the flowers and styles 

 are yellow. 



579. FUSTICUS Raf. Fustic tree differing 

 from MORUS or Mulberry by female Catkins 

 globular, flowers distinct, calix scariose 4par- 



