J^ PIN ACE AE (PINE FAMILY) 



i he source of the millions of poles used for fences in our range. Supplying most 

 of the /</><( poles of the past generations of Indians. Common in our range; 

 extending to Alaska. 



7. Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon, Gard. & For. 183. 1897. Very 

 variable in sixe hut often becoming a large tree 25-40 m. high; the trunk 

 1 _' in. in diameter: bark thick, deeply furrowed: leaves in fascicles of 2 or 3 

 I 1 .."> dm. long, crowded brush-like on the ends of the branchlets: 

 cones 7 12 cm. long; scales much thickened at the outer end and bearing a 

 sharp recurved prickle: seeds brown, winged, broadest above the middle. 

 HOCK PINK. Closely allied to P. ponderosa Dougl., of more northern and 

 west ern range and by many considered a variety of it. Throughout our range. 



2. PICEA Link. SPRUCE 



Spire-shaped trees, often tall and slencler. Leaves spirally arranged, jointed 

 near the base, falling when dry and leaving the branchlets rough with the pro- 

 jecting bases. Cones pendulous, oblong, of numerous scales bearing two ovules. 



I '.runchlets pubescent; leaves flexible and abruptly acute . . .1. P. Engelmannii. 

 Branchlets smooth and shining; leaves rigid, spinescent . . . 2. P. Parryana. 



1. Picea Engelmannii (Parry) Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 212. 

 1863. A tall pyramidal tree, 25-40 m. high, becoming much dwarfed or even 

 depressed-spreading and shrub-like at high elevations: branches verticillate, 

 horizontal or the upper ascending; branchlets puberulent; bark light reddish: 

 leaves 15-30 mm. long, singly and somewhat uniformly distributed over 

 the branchlets, compressed quadrangular, abruptly acute: cones oval or ob- 

 long, about 5 cm. long; scales thin, tough, truncate and entire or denticulate. 

 K.\<;KI.MAN T N SPRUCE. A valuable tree, often occurring in extensive almost un- 

 broken forests; middle elevations to timber-line. Throughout the Rocky 

 Mountain region and west to the coast ranges. 



2. Picea pungens Engelm, London Gard. Chron. 1879: 334. Of strictly 

 conical growth with spreading branches: bark thick, smooth and gray, in 

 older trees becoming very thick, hard and rigid: branchlets smooth and shin- 

 ing: leaves 2-3 cm. long, very pungent: staminate aments 3-4 cm. long, with 

 pale shining rounded scales: cones abundant, solitary or clustered, cylindrical, 

 drooping, 6-10 cm. long, light brown; scales oval or subrhombic, more or less 

 elongated above, undulate and retuse. [P. Parryana (Andre) Parry, Gard. 

 Chron. 2: 725. 1883.] BLUE SPRUCE. This is a comparatively small tree, with 

 soft wood; the foliage usually blue-green; the needles sharply 4-angled. It is 

 used extensively for ornamental planting, and as the chosen "State Tree " of 

 Colorado it is of interest. Found also in Wyoming and Utah. 



3. ABIES Juss. FIR 



Trees of pyramidal fprm and rapid growth, but with brittle and easily de- 

 caying wood. Leaves on the horizontal branchlets appearing 2-ranked by a 

 twist near the base, in ours bearing stomata on both sides, with two longi- 

 tudinal resin-ducts. 



'>f cone much wider than long, twice as long as the entire pointed 



'" '"' 1. A. concolor. 



tborbicular, three times as long as the lacerate-margined 

 abmptlj acuminate bract 2. A. lasiocarpa. 



1. Abies concolor ((lord.) Parry, Am. Nat. <): 204. 1875. A large tree 25-50 



in. lunh. with a diameter of ii 12 <lrn. and a rough grayish bark: leaves mostly 



obtuse, pale green, with the _> resin-ducts close to the epidermis of the lower 



oblong-cylindrical, 7-12 cm. long and 3-4 cm. in diameter, pale 



"in. times dull purplish; scales !>.') :;<) nun. wide, nearly twice wider 



tn;l " 1 ""' I- Him. long, acute at the base, dark or dull brown, with 



olored wings. \Vmn: 1 m. From southern Colorado to California and 



thence northward to Oregon. 





