116 LILIACEAE (LILY FAMILY) 



the flowers often nodding, solitary or racemed, much smaller than in Lilium, 

 often mottled. Nectary a shallow pit at the base of the segments. Styles 

 united to the middle or throughout. 



Flowers purple and mottled 1. F. atropurpurea. 



Flowers yellow or orange . . . . . . . . 2. F. pudica. 



1. Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 54. 1834. Bulb of 

 numerous thick scales: stem 2-4 dm. high or more, 1-6-flowered: leaves 6-20, 

 scattered or somewhat verticillate : flowers dull purple with more or less of 

 yellowish-green: styles distinct above; stigmas linear: capsule acutely angled, 

 broadly obovate. From Wyoming to the Sierra Nevada. 



2. Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2: 64. 1825. Bulb of numerous 

 very small rounded scales: stem 1-2 dm. high, 1-6-flowered: leaves 3-8, 

 scattered or somewhat verticillate: flowers usually solitary, nodding, yellow 

 or orange and tinged with purple: styles connate and stigma shortly 3-lobed: 

 capsule oblong to subglobose. From Utah and Montana to the Sierra Nevada 

 and British Columbia. 



7. LLOYDIA Salisb. 



The bulb upon an oblique rhizome, covered by the persistent scarious bases 

 of the nearly filiform leaves. Stem leafy, usually 1-flowered. Perianth small, 

 spreading, white with purplish veins and base. Style undivided. 



1. Lloydia serotina (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. Ed. 2. 52. 1830. Stems 5-15 

 cm. high, equaling the leaves: flowers erect: perianth-segments oblanceolate, 

 obtuse, obscurely pitted at base: capsule obovate, obtusely angled: seeds 

 chestnut-colored. Mountains of Colorado and northward throughout the 

 alpine and arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. 



8. ERYTHRONIUM L. DOGTOOTH VIOLET 



Herbs with deep-set bulbs. Leaves only 2, smooth, flat, shining, sheathing 

 the base of the naked stem. Flowers 1 or more, nodding. Perianth of six 

 separate and recurved segments; these oblanceolate, callous-toothed each side 

 of the grooved nectary. Styles usually distinct above. Capsule obovoid or 

 oblong. Seeds usually several in each cell. 



Leaves acute; anthers yellow 1. E. parviflorum. 



Leaves obtuse; anthers dark-purple 2. E. obtusatum. 



1. Erythronium parviflorum (Wats.) L. N. Good. Bot. Gaz. 33: 67. 1902. 

 Bulb slender, 3-5 cm. long: scape 1-3 dm. high: leaves oblong, tapering 

 gradually to the acute ends, 10-15 cm. long: flowers usually solitary; the 

 peduncle hook-curved at summit; segments lanceolate-acuminate, 2-3 cm. 

 long, bright yellow, with greenish base, strongly recurved: filaments narrowly 

 linear; the anthers pale yellow: capsule from oblong to oval, 2-3 cm. long. 

 E. grandiflorum minor. Subalpine in the central Rocky Mountains. 



2. Erythronium obtusatum L. N. Good. 1. c. Very similar but with larger, 

 thicker bulb: leaves oblong-elliptical, obtuse but sometimes apiculate: peduncle 

 stout, usually 2-3-flowered (1-5); the perianth-segments pale yellow, drying 

 with a purplish tinge: filaments dilated at base and tapering to the acute apex; 

 anthers dark purple: stigma deeply 3-lobed. Northern Wyoming and ad- 

 jacent Idaho and Montana. 



9. CALOCHORTUS Pursh. MARIPOSA LILY 



Stems usually flexuous and branching, from coated corms. Leaves few, 

 linear-lanceolate, radical and cauline, the latter alternate and clasping, all 

 with many nerves and transverse veinlets. Flower^ few, showy; in ours the 

 flowers arc open-campanulate. white or lilac, with densely hairy glands, ami 

 the capsule narrowly oblong with thick obtusely angled lobes. Outer perianth- 



