120 CONVALLARIACEAE (LILY OF THE VALLEY FAMILY) 



ish, axillary, solitary or in small fascicles. Perianth tubular, 6-lobed at the 

 summit. Stamens 6, on the tube. Style slender, deciduous. Berry blue or 

 black; the cells 1-2-seeded. 



1. Polygonatum commutatum (R. & S.) Dietr. Otto and Dietr. Gartenz. 

 3: 223. 1835. Glabrous throughout: stem 5-10 dm. high: leaves broadly ovate 

 to lanceolate, usually clasping by a broad base: pedicels jointed below the base 

 of the flower. P. giganteum. From the Rocky Mountains to the north Atlan- 

 tic States. 



3. DISPORUM Salisb. 



Low and pubescent, divergently branched above, with closely sessile ovate 

 and membranaceous leaves, and drooping flowers. Flowers solitary or few in 

 a fascicle, terminating the branches, or apparently in the uppermost leaf-axils, 

 white or greenish. Anthers oblong, obtuse, on slender filaments. Stigma 

 3-cleft, in ours. Prosartes. 



1. Disporum trachycarpum (Wats.) B. & H. Gen. PL 3: 832. 1883. Leaves 

 ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or rarely acuminate: perianth-segments 

 whitish, slightly spreading, acute : fruit broadly obovate, obtuse and rather 

 deeply lobed, papillose. Prosartes trachycarpum. Colorado, far northward 

 and westward. 



4. SMILACINA Adans. SOLOMON'S SEAL 



Stems simple, leafy, from running rootstocks. Leaves mostly sessile, oblong 

 or lanceolate. Flowers white, with distinct perianth-segments, in a racemose 

 panicle or simple raceme, pedicels jointed at the summit. Stamens 6; the 

 filaments subulate. Style short, thick, persistent; the stigma 3-lobed at the 

 summit; ovules 2 in each cell. (Vagnera Adans.) 



Flowers in compound racemes (panicles). 



Leaves short-petioled; flowers very numerous . . . . 1. S. racemosa. 



Leaves sessile and clasping; flowers fewer . . . . . 2. S. amplexicaulis. 

 Flowers in a simple raceme. 



Leaves acute, ascending, more or less folded . . . . . 3. S. stellata. 



Leaves acuminate, spreading, usually flat . . . . . 4. S. sessilifolia. 



1. Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 52. 1807. Minutely 

 downy, 3-8 dm. high: leaves numerous, oblong or oval-lanceolate, acuminate, 

 ciliate, abruptly somewhat petioled: flowers crowded, very short-pediceled : 

 stamens exceeding the short perianth-segments: berries pale red speckled with 

 purple, aromatic. Moist copses; from the mountains in Colorado to the 

 Atlantic States. 



2. Smilacina amplexicaulis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. 7: 58. 1834. Re- 

 sembling the preceding in size and habit: the leaves sessile and clasping: 

 flowers fewer, in an open panicle: stamens exserted: style long, nearly 

 as long as the ovary: berry reddish. Throughout our range and west to 

 California. 



3. Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. 1. c. 52. Stem smooth, 1-4 dm. high: leaves 

 smooth above, minutely pubescent below, oblong-lanceolate, sessile and some- 

 what clasping, 3-8 cm. long, usually folded on the midrib: filaments shorter 

 than the perianth: berry at first green with dark stripes, becoming red when 

 ripe. (Vagnera leptopetala Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 268. 1902.) In 

 moist woods and meadows; from New Mexico north to the boundary and 

 thence across the continent. 



4. Smilacina sessilifolia Nutt. ex Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 566. 1875. 

 Rootstock slender: stem a foot or two high: leaves lanceolate, acuminate, 

 sessile, usually flat and spreading, somewhat puberulent: raceme larger and 

 pedicels longer (6-12 mm.): segments of the perianth lanceolate, twice as long 

 us (lie stamens: berries usually black when mature. (Unifolium liliaceum 

 Greene, Pitt. 1: L'so. 1889.) Northwestern Wyoming to Montana and west 

 to the coast. 



