ORCHID ACE AE (ORCHID FAMILY) 125 



flowered: flowers green: sepals ovate-lanceolate, spreading: petals narrow, even 

 filiform; lip oblong spatulate, more than twice as long as the white sac-like 

 spur. Northern Wyoming, eastward and to the Atlantic. 



5. PIPERIA Rydb. 



Slender strict plants from rounded tuberous roots, and with mostly basal 

 leaves, those of the stem being reduced and bract-like. Leaves short-lived, 

 usually withering or dead at anthesis. Flowers greenish or white. Sepals and 

 petals 1-nerved or obscurely 3-nerved, linear-lanceolate to ovate, truncate or 

 hastate at base. Stigma a small beak in the angle between the anther cells. 

 Capsule ellipsoid. Habenaria in part. 



1. Piperia unalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 270. 

 1901. Stem very strict and slender, 3-5 dm. high, leafy below only: leaves 

 oblanceolate, obtusish or acute; stem leaves bract-like: bracts lanceolate or 

 broader, shorter than the spirally arranged flowers: sepals and petals lanceo- 

 late, greenish or the lateral purplish; lip oblong, obtuse, subhastately lobed 

 near the base; the spur linear or slightly clavate, barely longer than the lip. 

 Habenaria unalaschensis. From Colorado to far northwestern America. 



6. SPIRANTHES Richard. LADIES' TRESSES 



Erect strict herbs with fleshy usually fascicled roots and slender more or less 

 leafy stems. Flowers white, crowded-spicate, in 1-3 spirally arranged rows. 

 Perianth oblique upon the ovary, the sepals and petals connivent; lip oblong, 

 embracing the column, with 2 callosities at base, and dilated spreading undu- 

 late .summit. Columns very short, terminating in a stout terete stipe. Anther 

 erect and subsessile at top of column. Stigma with a bifid beak. 



1. Spiranthes stricta (Rydb.) A. Xels. Glabrous, rather stout, 1-3 dm. 

 high: leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear: spike dense, 3-ranked, conspicuously 

 braeteate. 3-8 cm. long: perianth curved: lip recurved, contracted below the 

 rounded wavy-crenulate summit ; callosities smooth, often obscure. Spiranthes 

 Romanzoffiami. ((,'t/rostachys stricta Rydb. Mem. X. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 107. 

 1900.) Colorado to Montana and thence across the continent. 



7. EPIPACTIS 11. Br. 



Stems leafy, stout, from creeping rootstocks. Flowers few, pediceled, with 

 conspicuous divergent bracts and spreading perianth. Sepals and petals 

 nearly equal; lip narrowly constricted and somewhat jointed in the middle, 

 concave and auriculate at base, dilated above. Column short, erect. Capsule 

 at maturity deflexed. 



1. Epipactis gigantea Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 220. 1839. Three to 

 10 dm. high, nearly smooth: leaves from ovate below to narrowly lanceolate 

 above, somewhat scabrous on the veins beneath: raceme pubescent: flowers 

 greenish, strongly veined with purple: saccate base of the lip with erect wing- 

 like margins, strongly nerved; the nerves callous-tuberculate near the base. 

 and southwestern Colorado to California and Washington. 



8. LISTERA R. Br. TWAYBLADE 



Stems from fibrous and creeping roots, low, with a pair of broad sessile 

 leaves, near the middle. Flowers small, in a loose raceme. Perianth spread- 

 ing. Sepals and petals similar; lip flat, 2-lobed, free, longer than the sepals. 

 Column free and naked. In cold damp woods and thickets. 



Raceme pubescent 1. L. convallarioides. 



Raceme glabrous 2. L. nephrophylla. 



1. Listera convallarioides (Sw.) Torr. Comp. 320. 1826. Stem slender, 

 10-25 cm. high, naked excepting one or two sheaths at base and the pair of 



