UMBELLIFERAE (PARSNIP FAMILY) 



347 



each other supported on the summit of a slender axis (the carpophore), each 

 with 5 primary ribs in their pericarps (rarely ribless), and in some genera 

 with 4 additional secondary ones, the ribs or some of them often winged. 

 Pericarp membranous or corky-thickened, usually containing oil-tubes be- 

 tween the ribs or under the ribs, and on the commissural side; oil-tubes some- 

 times irregularly scattered, sometimes none. 



Leaves palmately divided; the fruit covered with hooked bristles 

 Leaves various; fruit not bristly (except in No. 2). 



Leaves simple and perfoliate 



Leaves, or some of them, not simple; oil-tubes present. 



Fruit more or less bristly on the margins .... 



Fruit smooth. 



Fruit strongly flattened dorsally. 

 Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 

 Stylopodium conical. 



Plants with small glabrous pinnate or ternate 



leaves or some of the leaves simple . 

 Plants stout, with large rough ternately compound 

 leaves ........ 



Stylopodium flat or wanting. 

 Plants tall and often branching. 



Flowers white ....... 



Flowers yellow 



Plants acaulescent or nearly so. 



Calyx-teeth and Stylopodium wanting 

 Calyx-teeth and Stylopodium evident 

 Oil-tubes more than one in the intervals. 

 Plants caulescent and branching. 



Leaves ternately or pinnately compound 



Leaves decompound ...... 



Plants acaulescent or nearly so. 

 Lateral wings thin. 



Calyx-teeth and Stylopodium wanting 

 Calyx-teeth and Stylopodium evident . 

 Lateral wings thick. 



Dorsal ribs very prominent or slightly winged . 

 Dorsal ribs filiform. 



Leaves small, pinnate or lobed 



Leaves large, decompound .... 



Fruit not strongly flattened dorsally, usually more or less 



flattened laterally. 

 Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 

 Flowers white; Stylopodium conical. 



Leaflets linear or nearly so; involucre present 

 Leaflets broader; involucre wanting 

 Flowers yellow; Stylopodium flat or wanting. 

 Ribs equal, broad and corky. 



Low caespitose plants; alpine or subalpine . 

 Taller (2-4 dm.); middle elevations . 

 Ribs winged or filiform. 



Wings conspicuous 



Ribs filiform. 



Tall and branching, with broad leaflets . 

 Acaulescent and caespitose .... 

 Oil-tubes more than one in the intervals. 

 Stylopodium conical. 



Fruit round; ribs inconspicuous .... 

 Fruit ovate to oblong. 



Ribs conspicuous; caulescent .... 

 Ribs filiform; acaulescent ..... 

 Stylopodium flat or wanting. 



Seed face sulcate or concave; carpels flattened 



dorsally. 



Ribs filiform ..... e . 

 Ribs with broad thin wings . 

 Seed face plane or nearly so. 



All the ribs conspicuously winged. 



Leaves pinnate; flowers white or purplish 

 Leaves ternate; flowers yellow 

 Ribs not winged. 



Lateral ribsHhick and corky; the dorsal filiform 

 All the ribs corky and equally prominent. 

 Oil-tubes continuous about seed cavity 

 Oil-tubes 1-3 in the intervals 



1. Sanicula. 



5. Bupleurum. 



2. Washingtonia. 



24. Oxypolis. 

 28. Heracleum. 



17. Angelica. 

 29. Pastinaca. 



26. Cogswellia. 



27. Cynomarathrum. 



17. Angelica. 

 16. Conioselinum. 



26. Cogswellia. 



27. Cynomarathrum. 



23. Pseudocymopterus. 



22. Cymopterus. 

 25. Leptotaenia. 



9. Carum. 

 8. Cicuta. 



15. Oreoxis. 

 7. Harbouria. 



20. Thaspium. 



6. Zizia. 

 10. Aletes. 



12. Berula. 



13. Ligusticum. 



14. Ligusticella. 



4. Musineon. 

 21. Aulospennum. 



18. Phelloptems. 



19. Pteryxia. 



3. Orogenia. 



5. Bupleurum. 

 11. Sium. 



