CORNACEAE (DOGWOOD FAMILY) 365 



intermediate ribs and broader winged laterals; stylopodium flat but evi- 

 dent, in dry specimens appearing spongy; oil-tubes mostly several in the in- 

 tervals or obscure. Seed dorsally flattened, with plane face. 



Foliage glabrous , 1. C. Nuttallii 



Foliage scabrous 2. C. Eastwoodae. 



1. Cynomarathrum Nuttallii (Gray) C. & R. Contrib. Nat. Herb. 7: 245. 

 1900. Acaulescent, glabrous: scape 1.5-4.5 dm. high, a little exceeding the 

 leaves, arising from a stout caudex becoming multicipital: leaves pinnate or 

 bipinnate; leaflets linear, elongated, cuspidate, sometimes 5 cm. long: umbel 

 somewhat equally 4-20-rayed, with involucels of linear-lanceolate bractlets; 

 rays 3-3.5 cm. long; pedicels 2-6 mm. long; flowers yellow: calyx-teeth evi- 

 dent: fruit oblong, 8-10 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, narrowly winged, the dorsal 

 and intermediate ribs also sometimes irregularly winged; oil-tubes 3-5 in the 

 intervals, 6-10 on the commissural side: seed somewhat sulcate on the back 

 with slightly concave face. Peucedanum graveolens. From Nebraska through 

 Wyoming to Utah. 



2. Cynomarathrum Eastwoodae C. & R. 1. c. 247. Stems low, much 

 tufted at base : leaves shorter than the peduncles, very narrow in outline, once 

 to twice pinnate, very scabrous; segments short and narrow, apiculate: rays 

 few, nearly equal, 2-2.5 cm. long; pedicels 12-18 mm. long, usually longer 

 than the fruit; involucels of several linear, entire bractlets: fruit glabrous, 

 oblong, 8-10 mm. long, with wings nearly as broad as body: calyx-teeth 

 evident. Colorado. 



28. HERACLEUM L. 



Tall, stout perennials, with large, ternately compound leaves, deciduous 

 involucres, involucels of numerous bractlets, large many-rayed umbel of white 

 flowers, and obcordate petals (the outer ones often dilated and 2-clef t) . Calyx- 

 teeth small or obsolete. Fruit broadly obovate, very much flattened dorsally, 

 somewhat pubescent. Carpel with dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform; the 

 broad lateral wings contiguous to those of the other carpel, strongly nerved 

 toward the outer margin; strengthening cells continuous about seed cavity 

 and under the nerves; stylopodium thick-conical; oil-tubes solitary in the 

 intervals, conspicuous, about half as long as the carpel, 2-4 on the commis- 

 sural side. Seed very much flattened dorsally. 



1. Heracleum lanatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1803. Very stout, 

 12-24 dm. high, pubescent or woolly above: petioles much dilated; leaflets 

 petiolulate, round-cordate, 10-25 cm. broad, irregularly cut-toothed: rays 

 5-15 cm. long: fruit 8-12 mm. long, somewhat pubescent. On wet banks; 

 in most parts of the northern United States. 



29. PASTINACA L. 



A genus of stout plants resembling Heracleum, with thick roots, pinnate 

 leaves, and compound umbels of yellow flowers. Seeds very flat. Oil-tubes 

 solitary in the intervals, and 2-4 on the commissural side. 



1. Pastinaca sativa L. Sp. PI. 1: 262. 1753. The common parsnip, a na- 

 tive of Europe. It has become widely dispersed as a weed in North America. 



85. CORNACEAE Link. DOGWOOD FAMILY 



Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with simple and entire, mainly opposite leaves, 

 no stipules, and flowers in cymes or involucrate heads. Petals and stamens 4 

 and epigynous. Calyx adherent to the 1-2-celled ovary, which becomes a 

 1-2-seeded drupe or berry. 



