ERICACEAE (HEATH FAMILY) 369 



1. Monptropa uniflora L.Sp. PI. 387. 1753. Smooth, waxy-white (turning 

 blackish in drying), 1-flowered inodorous plant, 7.5-20 cm. high: calyx of 

 2-4 irregular scales or bracts: anthers transverse, opening equally by 2 

 chinks: style short and thick; stigma naked. Damp woods throughout the 

 continent. 



3. HYPOPITYS Dill. PINESAP 



Plant often scented, commonly pubescent, at least above, racemosely 3- 

 several-flowered. Terminal flower earliest and usually 5-merous and the 

 lateral 3-4-merous. Sepals less bract-like, as many as the petals; the latter 

 saccate at base. Anthers more reniform; the cells completely confluent into 

 one, which opens by very unequal valves, the larger broad and spreading, the 

 other remaining erect and contracted. Stigma glandular or hairy on the mar- 

 gin. 



1. Hypopitys multiflora Scop. Fl. Cam. Ed. II. 1: 285. 1772. Somewhat 

 pubescent or downy, tawny, whitish, or reddish, commonly fragrant plants, 

 10-30 cm. high: flowers several in a scaly raceme; the terminal one usually 

 5-merous, the rest 3-or 4-merous : bract-like sepals mostly as many as the petals: 

 anthers opening by a continuous line into 2 very unequal valves: styles longer 

 than the ovary, hollow; stigma ciliate: pod globular or oval. Monotropa 

 Hypopitys. Under coniferous trees in temperate regions. 



88. ERICACEAE DC. HEATH FAMILY 



Shrubs, perennial herbs, or trees, with simple exstipulate leaves and mostly 

 perfect sympetalous or rarely choripetalous flowers. Calyx free from the 

 ovary, 4-5-parted or 4-5-cleft, mostly persistent. Corolla regular or rarely 

 somewhat 2-lipped and irregular, usually 4-5-toothed, lobed, or divided. 

 Stamens hypogynous, usually as many or twice as many as the corolla-lobes; 

 filaments mostly separate; anthers 2-celled, attached to the filament by the 

 back or base, the sacs often prolonged above into tubes, dehiscent by ter- 

 minal pores or chinks, often awned. Disk crenate-lobed or often none. Ovary 

 2-5-celled; style elongated or short: stigma peltate or capitate; ovules usu- 

 ally numerous. Fruit a capsule, berry or drupe. Seeds numerous or some- 

 times only 1 in each cavity. 



Fruit a dry capsule. 



Anther-cells each tipped with a recurved awn; leaves opposite . 1. Cassiope. 

 Anther-cells not appendaged; leaves alternate. 

 Corolla sympetalous. 



Leaves heath-like (linear, obtuse) 2. Phyllodoce. 



Leaves lanceolate to elliptic. 



Corolla urn-shaped 3. Menziesia. 



Corolla saucer-shaped ........ 4. Kalmia. 



Corolla of separate petals 5. Ledum. 



Fruit more or less fleshy. 



Fruit a capsule inclosed in the fleshy calyx . . . . .6. Gaultheria. 

 Fruit a berry or drupe, not inclosed in the calyx . . . .7. Arctostaphylos. 



1. CASSIOPE D. Don. 



Low, tufted, heath-like, evergreen shrubs, with small, sessile, imbricated, en- 

 tire leaves, and solitary peduncled white or pink nodding flowers. Sepals 4 or 

 5. Corolla campanulate, 4-5-lobed. Stamens 8-10, included; anthers at- 

 tached to the filaments near the apex, the sacs opening by large terminal 

 pores and tipped with a recurved awn. Capsule globose or ovoid, 4-5-valved. 

 Seeds minute, numerous. 



ROCKY MT. BOT. 24 



