406 HYDROPHYLLACEAE (WATERLEAF FAMILY) 



or more or less completely united even to the stigmas. Fruit a 1-celled cap- 

 sule or partly or quite 2-celled by the intrusion of the placentae or their union 

 in the axis; valves 2, rarely 4. Seed-coat pitted, the cavities regular and 

 honeycomb-like. 



Leaves all basal; peduncles 1-flowered 1. Capnorea. 



Leaves not all basal. 



Corolla convolute in bud; placentae broad. 



Perennials; stamens exserted 2. Hydrophyllum. 



Annuals; stamens included. 



Calyx enlarged in fruit, naked at the sinuses . . . .3. Macrocalyx. 

 Calyx not much enlarged in fruit, with a reflexed appendage at 



each sinus 4. Nemophila. 



Corolla imbricated in bud; placentae narrow. 

 Flowers in a scorpioid cyme. 



Corolla deciduous, not yellow 5. Phacelia. 



Corolla persistent, yellow or yellowish 6. Emmenanthe. 



Flowers solitary in the leafy forks of the stem . . . .7. Nama. 



1. CAPNOREA Raf. 



Low stemless perennials, with entire spatulate or oblong leaves on elongated 

 petioles crowning the caudex, and from their axils sending up 1-flowered pe- 

 duncles. Calyx 5-parted, rarely 6 or 7-parted; the lobes linear-lanceolate, 

 occasionally unequal. Corolla campanulate or rotate, the stamens inserted 

 on the base of its tube. Style 2-cleft at the apex. Capsule loculicidal. 



1. Capnorea pumila Greene, Erythea 2: 193. 1894. Leaves several from 

 the crown of a short, usually branching rootstock, lanceolate to spatulate, 

 tapering below to a slender petiole, minutely ciliate, otherwise glabrous: 

 peduncles slender, 3-7 cm. long, about equaling the leaves, glabrous: sepals 

 lanceolate, about 12 mm. long, minutely ciliate: corolla white to purple, ro- 

 tate, often 2 cm. broad; the broad ovate lobes longer than the tube; the tube 

 within and base of the filaments pubescent. In wet places; Wyoming to 

 California and Washington. 



2. HYDROPHYLLUM L. WATERLEAF 



Perennial herbs with horizontal rootstocks. Leaves alternate or mainly 

 radical, pinnate or pinnately parted, long-petioled. Flowers in capitate cymes. 

 Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, the tube with a nectar-bearing grooved append- 

 age opposite each lobe. Stamens exserted, the filaments hairy at the middle. 

 Style filiform, exserted; ovary hispid. Capsule 2-valved, 1-4-seeded. 



Flowers crowded-capitate; peduncle shorter than the petiole . . . 1. H. capitatum. 

 Flowers loosely-capitate; peduncle longer than the petiole . . . 2. H. Fendleri. 



1. Hydrophyllum capitatum Dougl. Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17: 273. 1836. 

 Retrorsely hispid with minute white hairs; stems often tufted, 1-2 dm. high, 

 from a small fascicle of thickened perennial roots, 1-several-leaved, erect in 

 flower, recurving and often prostrate in fruit: leaves pinnately 5-7-parted or 

 at base divided ; the lanceolate division^ entire or often 2-3-lobed, mucronate- 

 tipped: flowers in a dense capitate cluster: calyx very hispid, parted nearly 

 to the base: corolla blue, but little longer than the calyx: filaments twice as 

 lontf as the corolla: style equaling the stamens, 2-lobed. Colorado to Montana 

 and far westward. 



2. Hydrophyllum Fendleri (Gray) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. 40. 1898. Pubes- 

 cent, hirsute, or sparingly hispid, 2-4 dm. high: leaves elongated-oblong, 

 pinnateiy parted or divided into 7-15 divisions; divisions inclined to ovate- 

 lanceolate, acute or acuminate, incisely serrate: cyme rather open: corolla white 

 or nearly HO: calyx deeply parted, the lobes lanceolate. H. occidentals Fendleri. 

 Wet copses and bottom lands; New Mexico to Montana and westward. 



